Version abc70703

40 files changed, 7992 insertions, 770 deletions

diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnf.h b/src/aig/cnf/cnf.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c27b62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnf.h]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [DAG-aware AIG rewriting.]
+
+  Synopsis    [External declarations.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnf.h,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+ 
+#ifndef __CNF_H__
+#define __CNF_H__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif 
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                          INCLUDES                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "vec.h"
+#include "dar.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                         PARAMETERS                               ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                         BASIC TYPES                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef struct Cnf_Man_t_            Cnf_Man_t;
+typedef struct Cnf_Dat_t_            Cnf_Dat_t;
+typedef struct Cnf_Cut_t_            Cnf_Cut_t;
+
+// the CNF asserting outputs of AIG to be 1
+struct Cnf_Dat_t_
+{
+    Dar_Man_t *     pMan;            // the AIG manager, for which CNF is computed
+    int             nVars;           // the number of variables
+    int             nLiterals;       // the number of CNF literals
+    int             nClauses;        // the number of CNF clauses
+    int **          pClauses;        // the CNF clauses
+    int *           pVarNums;        // the number of CNF variable for each node ID (-1 if unused)
+};
+
+// the cut used to represent node in the AIG
+struct Cnf_Cut_t_
+{
+    char            nFanins;         // the number of leaves
+    char            Cost;            // the cost of this cut
+    short           nWords;          // the number of words in truth table
+    Vec_Int_t *     vIsop[2];        // neg/pos ISOPs
+    int             pFanins[0];      // the fanins (followed by the truth table)
+};
+
+// the CNF computation manager
+struct Cnf_Man_t_
+{
+    Dar_Man_t *     pManAig;         // the underlying AIG manager
+    char *          pSopSizes;       // sizes of SOPs for 4-variable functions
+    char **         pSops;           // the SOPs for 4-variable functions
+    int             aArea;           // the area of the mapping
+    Dar_MmFlex_t *  pMemCuts;        // memory manager for cuts
+    int             nMergeLimit;     // the limit on the size of merged cut
+    unsigned *      pTruths[4];      // temporary truth tables
+    Vec_Int_t *     vMemory;         // memory for intermediate ISOP representation
+};
+
+static inline int          Cnf_CutLeaveNum( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )    { return pCut->nFanins;                               }
+static inline int *        Cnf_CutLeaves( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )      { return pCut->pFanins;                               }
+static inline unsigned *   Cnf_CutTruth( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )       { return (unsigned *)(pCut->pFanins + pCut->nFanins); }
+
+static inline Cnf_Cut_t *  Cnf_ObjBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )                       { return pObj->pData;  }
+static inline void         Cnf_ObjSetBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )  { pObj->pData = pCut;  }
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                      MACRO DEFINITIONS                           ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                           ITERATORS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// iterator over leaves of the cut
+#define Cnf_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )                         \
+    for ( i = 0; (i < (int)(pCut)->nFanins) && ((pLeaf) = Dar_ManObj(p, (pCut)->pFanins[i])); i++ )
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                    FUNCTION DECLARATIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*=== cnfCore.c ========================================================*/
+extern Cnf_Dat_t *     Cnf_Derive( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Man_t * pAig );
+/*=== cnfCut.c ========================================================*/
+extern Cnf_Cut_t *     Cnf_CutCreate( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj );
+extern void            Cnf_CutPrint( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut );
+extern void            Cnf_CutFree( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut );
+extern void            Cnf_CutUpdateRefs( Cnf_Man_t * p, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, Cnf_Cut_t * pCutFan, Cnf_Cut_t * pCutRes );
+extern Cnf_Cut_t *     Cnf_CutCompose( Cnf_Man_t * p, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, Cnf_Cut_t * pCutFan, int iFan );
+/*=== cnfData.c ========================================================*/
+extern void            Cnf_ReadMsops( char ** ppSopSizes, char *** ppSops );
+/*=== cnfMan.c ========================================================*/
+extern Cnf_Man_t *     Cnf_ManStart();
+extern void            Cnf_ManStop( Cnf_Man_t * p );
+extern void            Cnf_DataFree( Cnf_Dat_t * p );
+extern void            Cnf_DataWriteIntoFile( Cnf_Dat_t * p, char * pFileName );
+void *                 Cnf_DataWriteIntoSolver( Cnf_Dat_t * p );
+/*=== cnfMap.c ========================================================*/
+extern int             Cnf_ManMapForCnf( Cnf_Man_t * p );
+/*=== cnfPost.c ========================================================*/
+extern void            Cnf_ManTransferCuts( Cnf_Man_t * p );
+extern void            Cnf_ManFreeCuts( Cnf_Man_t * p );
+extern void            Cnf_ManPostprocess( Cnf_Man_t * p );
+/*=== cnfUtil.c ========================================================*/
+extern Vec_Ptr_t *     Dar_ManScanMapping( Cnf_Man_t * p, int fCollect );
+extern Vec_Ptr_t *     Cnf_ManScanMapping( Cnf_Man_t * p, int fCollect );
+/*=== cnfWrite.c ========================================================*/
+extern void            Cnf_SopConvertToVector( char * pSop, int nCubes, Vec_Int_t * vCover );
+extern Cnf_Dat_t *     Cnf_ManWriteCnf( Cnf_Man_t * p, Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnfCore.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfCore.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b09f0bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfCore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnfCore.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfCore.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Cnf_Dat_t * Cnf_Derive( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Man_t * pAig )
+{
+    Cnf_Dat_t * pCnf = NULL;
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped;
+    int nIters = 2;
+    int clk;
+
+    // connect the managers
+    pAig->pManCnf = p;
+    p->pManAig = pAig;
+
+    // generate cuts for all nodes, assign cost, and find best cuts
+clk = clock();
+    Dar_ManComputeCuts( pAig );
+PRT( "Cuts", clock() - clk );
+/*
+    // iteratively improve area flow
+    for ( i = 0; i < nIters; i++ )
+    {
+clk = clock();
+        Cnf_ManScanMapping( p, 0 );
+        Cnf_ManMapForCnf( p );
+PRT( "iter ", clock() - clk );
+    }
+*/
+    // write the file
+    vMapped = Dar_ManScanMapping( p, 1 );
+    Vec_PtrFree( vMapped );
+
+clk = clock();
+    Cnf_ManTransferCuts( p );
+
+    Cnf_ManPostprocess( p );
+    Cnf_ManScanMapping( p, 0 );
+/*
+    Cnf_ManPostprocess( p );
+    Cnf_ManScanMapping( p, 0 );
+    Cnf_ManPostprocess( p );
+    Cnf_ManScanMapping( p, 0 );
+*/
+PRT( "Ext ", clock() - clk );
+
+/*
+    vMapped = Cnf_ManScanMapping( p, 1 );
+    pCnf = Cnf_ManWriteCnf( p, vMapped );
+    Vec_PtrFree( vMapped );
+
+    // clean up
+    Cnf_ManFreeCuts( p );
+    Dar_ManCutsFree( pAig );
+    return pCnf;
+*/
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnfCut.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfCut.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..feeef1f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfCut.c
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnfCut.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfCut.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Allocates cut of the given size.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Cnf_Cut_t * Cnf_CutAlloc( Cnf_Man_t * p, int nLeaves )
+{
+    Cnf_Cut_t * pCut;
+    int nSize = sizeof(Cnf_Cut_t) + sizeof(int) * nLeaves + sizeof(unsigned) * Dar_TruthWordNum(nLeaves);
+    pCut = (Cnf_Cut_t *)Dar_MmFlexEntryFetch( p->pMemCuts, nSize );
+    pCut->nFanins = nLeaves;
+    pCut->nWords = Dar_TruthWordNum(nLeaves);
+    pCut->vIsop[0] = pCut->vIsop[1] = NULL;
+    return pCut;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Deallocates cut.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutFree( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    if ( pCut->vIsop[0] )
+        Vec_IntFree( pCut->vIsop[0] );
+    if ( pCut->vIsop[1] )
+        Vec_IntFree( pCut->vIsop[1] );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates cut for the given node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Cnf_Cut_t * Cnf_CutCreate( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    Dar_Cut_t * pCutBest;
+    Cnf_Cut_t * pCut;
+    unsigned * pTruth;
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) );
+    pCutBest = Dar_ObjBestCut( pObj );
+    assert( pCutBest != NULL );
+    assert( pCutBest->nLeaves <= 4 );
+    pCut = Cnf_CutAlloc( p, pCutBest->nLeaves );
+    memcpy( pCut->pFanins, pCutBest->pLeaves, sizeof(int) * pCutBest->nLeaves );
+    pTruth = Cnf_CutTruth(pCut);
+    *pTruth = (pCutBest->uTruth << 16) | pCutBest->uTruth;
+    pCut->Cost = p->pSopSizes[0xFFFF & *pTruth] + p->pSopSizes[0xFFFF & ~*pTruth];
+    return pCut;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Deallocates cut.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutPrint( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    int i;
+    printf( "{" );
+    for ( i = 0; i < pCut->nFanins; i++ )
+        printf( "%d ", pCut->pFanins[i] );
+    printf( " } " );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Allocates cut of the given size.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutDeref( Cnf_Man_t * p, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    Cnf_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCut, pObj, i )
+    {
+        assert( pObj->nRefs > 0 );
+        pObj->nRefs--;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Allocates cut of the given size.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutRef( Cnf_Man_t * p, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    Cnf_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCut, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pObj->nRefs++;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Allocates cut of the given size.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutUpdateRefs( Cnf_Man_t * p, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, Cnf_Cut_t * pCutFan, Cnf_Cut_t * pCutRes )
+{
+    Cnf_CutDeref( p, pCut );
+    Cnf_CutDeref( p, pCutFan );
+    Cnf_CutRef( p, pCutRes );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Merges two arrays of integers.]
+
+  Description [Returns the number of items.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+static inline int Cnf_CutMergeLeaves( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, Cnf_Cut_t * pCutFan, int * pFanins )
+{
+    int i, k, nFanins = 0;
+    for ( i = k = 0; i < pCut->nFanins && k < pCutFan->nFanins; )
+    {
+        if ( pCut->pFanins[i] == pCutFan->pFanins[k] )
+            pFanins[nFanins++] = pCut->pFanins[i], i++, k++;
+        else if ( pCut->pFanins[i] < pCutFan->pFanins[k] )
+            pFanins[nFanins++] = pCut->pFanins[i], i++;
+        else
+            pFanins[nFanins++] = pCutFan->pFanins[k], k++;
+    }
+    for ( ; i < pCut->nFanins; i++ )
+        pFanins[nFanins++] = pCut->pFanins[i];
+    for ( ; k < pCutFan->nFanins; k++ )
+        pFanins[nFanins++] = pCutFan->pFanins[k];
+    return nFanins;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes the stretching phase of the cut w.r.t. the merged cut.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+static inline unsigned Cnf_TruthPhase( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut1 )
+{
+    unsigned uPhase = 0;
+    int i, k;
+    for ( i = k = 0; i < pCut->nFanins; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( k == pCut1->nFanins )
+            break;
+        if ( pCut->pFanins[i] < pCut1->pFanins[k] )
+            continue;
+        assert( pCut->pFanins[i] == pCut1->pFanins[k] );
+        uPhase |= (1 << i);
+        k++;
+    }
+    return uPhase;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Removes the fanin variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutRemoveIthVar( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, int iVar, int iFan )
+{
+    int i;
+    assert( pCut->pFanins[iVar] == iFan );
+    pCut->nFanins--;
+    for ( i = iVar; i < pCut->nFanins; i++ )
+        pCut->pFanins[i] = pCut->pFanins[i+1];
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Inserts the fanin variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutInsertIthVar( Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, int iVar, int iFan )
+{
+    int i;
+    for ( i = pCut->nFanins; i > iVar; i-- )
+        pCut->pFanins[i] = pCut->pFanins[i-1];
+    pCut->pFanins[iVar] = iFan;
+    pCut->nFanins++;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Merges two cuts.]
+
+  Description [Returns NULL of the cuts cannot be merged.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Cnf_Cut_t * Cnf_CutCompose( Cnf_Man_t * p, Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, Cnf_Cut_t * pCutFan, int iFan )
+{
+    Cnf_Cut_t * pCutRes;
+    static int pFanins[32];
+    unsigned * pTruth, * pTruthFan, * pTruthRes;
+    unsigned * pTop = p->pTruths[0], * pFan = p->pTruths[2], * pTemp = p->pTruths[3];
+    unsigned uPhase, uPhaseFan;
+    int i, iVar, nFanins, RetValue;
+
+    // make sure the second cut is the fanin of the first
+    for ( iVar = 0; iVar < pCut->nFanins; iVar++ )
+        if ( pCut->pFanins[iVar] == iFan )
+            break;
+    assert( iVar < pCut->nFanins );
+    // remove this variable
+    Cnf_CutRemoveIthVar( pCut, iVar, iFan );
+    // merge leaves of the cuts
+    nFanins = Cnf_CutMergeLeaves( pCut, pCutFan, pFanins );
+    if ( nFanins+1 > p->nMergeLimit )
+    {
+        Cnf_CutInsertIthVar( pCut, iVar, iFan );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    // create new cut
+    pCutRes = Cnf_CutAlloc( p, nFanins );
+    memcpy( pCutRes->pFanins, pFanins, sizeof(int) * nFanins );
+    assert( pCutRes->nFanins <= pCut->nFanins + pCutFan->nFanins );
+
+    // derive its truth table
+    // get the truth tables in the composition space
+    pTruth    = Cnf_CutTruth(pCut);
+    pTruthFan = Cnf_CutTruth(pCutFan);
+    pTruthRes = Cnf_CutTruth(pCutRes);
+    for ( i = 0; i < 2*pCutRes->nWords; i++ )
+        pTop[i] = pTruth[i % pCut->nWords];
+    for ( i = 0; i < pCutRes->nWords; i++ )
+        pFan[i] = pTruthFan[i % pCutFan->nWords];
+    // move the variable to the end
+    uPhase = Kit_BitMask( pCutRes->nFanins+1 ) & ~(1 << iVar);
+    Kit_TruthShrink( pTemp, pTop, pCutRes->nFanins, pCutRes->nFanins+1, uPhase, 1 );
+    // compute the phases
+    uPhase    = Cnf_TruthPhase( pCutRes, pCut    ) | (1 << pCutRes->nFanins);
+    uPhaseFan = Cnf_TruthPhase( pCutRes, pCutFan );
+    // permute truth-tables to the common support
+    Kit_TruthStretch( pTemp, pTop, pCut->nFanins+1,  pCutRes->nFanins+1, uPhase,    1 );
+    Kit_TruthStretch( pTemp, pFan, pCutFan->nFanins, pCutRes->nFanins,   uPhaseFan, 1 );
+    // perform Boolean operation
+    Kit_TruthMux( pTruthRes, pTop, pTop+pCutRes->nWords, pFan, pCutRes->nFanins );
+    // return the cut to its original condition
+    Cnf_CutInsertIthVar( pCut, iVar, iFan );
+    // consider the simple case
+    if ( pCutRes->nFanins < 5 )
+    {
+        pCutRes->Cost = p->pSopSizes[0xFFFF & *pTruthRes] + p->pSopSizes[0xFFFF & ~*pTruthRes];
+        return pCutRes;
+    }
+
+    // derive ISOP for positive phase
+    RetValue = Kit_TruthIsop( pTruthRes, pCutRes->nFanins, p->vMemory, 0 );
+    pCutRes->vIsop[1] = (RetValue == -1)? NULL : Vec_IntDup( p->vMemory );
+    // derive ISOP for negative phase
+    Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pCutRes->nFanins );
+    RetValue = Kit_TruthIsop( pTruthRes, pCutRes->nFanins, p->vMemory, 0 );
+    pCutRes->vIsop[0] = (RetValue == -1)? NULL : Vec_IntDup( p->vMemory );
+    Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pCutRes->nFanins );
+
+    // compute the cut cost
+    if ( pCutRes->vIsop[0] == NULL || pCutRes->vIsop[1] == NULL )
+        pCutRes->Cost = 127;
+    else if ( Vec_IntSize(pCutRes->vIsop[0]) + Vec_IntSize(pCutRes->vIsop[1]) > 127 )
+        pCutRes->Cost = 127;
+    else
+        pCutRes->Cost = Vec_IntSize(pCutRes->vIsop[0]) + Vec_IntSize(pCutRes->vIsop[1]);
+    return pCutRes;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/dar/darData2.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfData.c
index 81607ee9..57ce9392 100644
--- a/src/aig/dar/darData2.c
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfData.c
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /**CFile****************************************************************
 
-  FileName    [dar_.c]
+  FileName    [cnfData.c]
 
   SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
 
-  PackageName [DAG-aware AIG rewriting.]
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
 
   Synopsis    []
 
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
 
   Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
 
-  Revision    [$Id: dar_.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfData.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
 
 ***********************************************************************/
 
-#include "dar.h"
+#include "cnf.h"
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
@@ -4531,7 +4531,7 @@ NULL
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-void Dar_LibReadMsops( char ** ppSopSizes, char *** ppSops )
+void Cnf_ReadMsops( char ** ppSopSizes, char *** ppSops )
 {
     unsigned uMasks[4][2] = {
         { 0x5555, 0xAAAA },
@@ -4566,6 +4566,7 @@ void Dar_LibReadMsops( char ** ppSopSizes, char *** ppSops )
     // set pointers and compute SOP sizes
     pSopSizes = ALLOC( char, 65536 );
     pSops = ALLOC( char *, 65536 );
+    pSopSizes[0] = 0;
     pSops[0] = NULL;
     pPrev = pMemory;
     for ( k = 0, i = 1; i < 65536; k++ )
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnfMan.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfMan.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1d1fc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfMan.c
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnfMan.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfMan.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+#include "satSolver.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static inline int Cnf_Lit2Var( int Lit )        { return (Lit & 1)? -(Lit >> 1)-1 : (Lit >> 1)+1;  }
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Starts the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Cnf_Man_t * Cnf_ManStart()
+{
+    Cnf_Man_t * p;
+    int i;
+    // allocate the manager
+    p = ALLOC( Cnf_Man_t, 1 );
+    memset( p, 0, sizeof(Cnf_Man_t) );
+    // derive internal data structures
+    Cnf_ReadMsops( &p->pSopSizes, &p->pSops );
+    // allocate memory manager for cuts
+    p->pMemCuts = Dar_MmFlexStart();
+    p->nMergeLimit = 10;
+    // allocate temporary truth tables
+    p->pTruths[0] = ALLOC( unsigned, 4 * Dar_TruthWordNum(p->nMergeLimit) );
+    for ( i = 1; i < 4; i++ )
+        p->pTruths[i] = p->pTruths[i-1] + Dar_TruthWordNum(p->nMergeLimit);
+    p->vMemory = Vec_IntAlloc( 1 << 18 );
+    return p;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Stops the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_ManStop( Cnf_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Vec_IntFree( p->vMemory );
+    free( p->pTruths[0] );
+    Dar_MmFlexStop( p->pMemCuts, 0 );
+    free( p->pSopSizes );
+    free( p->pSops[1] );
+    free( p->pSops );
+    free( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_DataFree( Cnf_Dat_t * p )
+{
+    if ( p == NULL )
+        return;
+    free( p->pClauses[0] );
+    free( p->pClauses );
+    free( p->pVarNums );
+    free( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes CNF into a file.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_DataWriteIntoFile( Cnf_Dat_t * p, char * pFileName )
+{
+    FILE * pFile;
+    int * pLit, * pStop, i;
+    pFile = fopen( pFileName, "w" );
+    if ( pFile == NULL )
+    {
+        printf( "Cnf_WriteIntoFile(): Output file cannot be opened.\n" );
+        return;
+    }
+    fprintf( pFile, "c Result of efficient AIG-to-CNF conversion using package CNF\n" );
+    fprintf( pFile, "p %d %d\n", p->nVars, p->nClauses );
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nClauses; i++ )
+    {
+        for ( pLit = p->pClauses[i], pStop = p->pClauses[i+1]; pLit < pStop; pLit++ )
+            fprintf( pFile, "%d ", Cnf_Lit2Var(*pLit) );
+        fprintf( pFile, "0\n" );
+    }
+    fprintf( pFile, "\n" );
+    fclose( pFile );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes CNF into a file.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void * Cnf_DataWriteIntoSolver( Cnf_Dat_t * p )
+{
+    sat_solver * pSat;
+    int i;
+    pSat = sat_solver_new();
+    sat_solver_setnvars( pSat, p->nVars );
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nClauses; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( !sat_solver_addclause( pSat, p->pClauses[i], p->pClauses[i+1] ) )
+        {
+            sat_solver_delete( pSat );
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return pSat;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnfMap.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfMap.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09be7701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfMap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnfMap.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfMap.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area of the first level.]
+
+  Description [The cut need to be derefed.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+ 
+***********************************************************************/
+void Dar_CutDeref( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
+{ 
+    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
+    int i;
+    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
+    {
+        assert( pLeaf->nRefs > 0 );
+        if ( --pLeaf->nRefs > 0 || !Dar_ObjIsAnd(pLeaf) )
+            continue;
+        Dar_CutDeref( p, Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf) );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area of the first level.]
+
+  Description [The cut need to be derefed.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Dar_CutRef( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
+    int i, Area = pCut->Cost;
+    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
+    {
+        assert( pLeaf->nRefs >= 0 );
+        if ( pLeaf->nRefs++ > 0 || !Dar_ObjIsAnd(pLeaf) )
+            continue;
+        Area += Dar_CutRef( p, Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf) );
+    }
+    return Area;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes exact area of the cut.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Cnf_CutArea( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    int Area;
+    Area = Dar_CutRef( p, pCut );
+    Dar_CutDeref( p, pCut );
+    return Area;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if the second cut is better.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+static inline int Cnf_CutCompare( Dar_Cut_t * pC0, Dar_Cut_t * pC1 )
+{
+    if ( pC0->Area < pC1->Area - 0.0001 )
+        return -1;
+    if ( pC0->Area > pC1->Area + 0.0001 ) // smaller area flow is better
+        return 1;
+//    if ( pC0->NoRefs < pC1->NoRefs )
+//        return -1;
+//    if ( pC0->NoRefs > pC1->NoRefs ) // fewer non-referenced fanins is better
+//        return 1;
+//    if ( pC0->FanRefs / pC0->nLeaves > pC1->FanRefs / pC1->nLeaves )
+//        return -1;
+//    if ( pC0->FanRefs / pC0->nLeaves < pC1->FanRefs / pC1->nLeaves )
+//        return 1; // larger average fanin ref-counter is better
+//    return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the cut with the smallest area flow.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Dar_Cut_t * Cnf_ObjFindBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    Dar_Cut_t * pCut, * pCutBest;
+    int i;
+    pCutBest = NULL;
+    Dar_ObjForEachCut( pObj, pCut, i )
+        if ( pCutBest == NULL || Cnf_CutCompare(pCutBest, pCut) == 1 )
+            pCutBest = pCut;
+    return pCutBest;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area flow of the cut.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutAssignAreaFlow( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
+    int i;
+    pCut->Cost    = p->pSopSizes[pCut->uTruth] + p->pSopSizes[0xFFFF & ~pCut->uTruth];
+    pCut->Area    = (float)pCut->Cost;
+    pCut->NoRefs  = 0;
+    pCut->FanRefs = 0;
+    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCut, pLeaf, i )
+    {
+        if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pLeaf) )
+            continue;
+        if ( pLeaf->nRefs == 0 )
+        {
+            pCut->Area += Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf)->Area;
+            pCut->NoRefs++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pCut->Area += Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf)->Area / pLeaf->nRefs;
+            if ( pCut->FanRefs + pLeaf->nRefs > 15 )
+                pCut->FanRefs = 15;
+            else
+                pCut->FanRefs += pLeaf->nRefs;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area flow of the cut.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_CutAssignArea( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
+    int i;
+    pCut->Area    = (float)pCut->Cost;
+    pCut->NoRefs  = 0;
+    pCut->FanRefs = 0;
+    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCut, pLeaf, i )
+    {
+        if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pLeaf) )
+            continue;
+        if ( pLeaf->nRefs == 0 )
+        {
+            pCut->Area += Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf)->Cost;
+            pCut->NoRefs++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ( pCut->FanRefs + pLeaf->nRefs > 15 )
+                pCut->FanRefs = 15;
+            else
+                pCut->FanRefs += pLeaf->nRefs;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs one round of "area recovery" using exact local area.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Cnf_ManMapForCnf( Cnf_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    Dar_Cut_t * pCut, * pCutBest;
+    int i, k;
+    // visit the nodes in the topological order and update their best cuts
+    Dar_ManForEachNode( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        // find the old best cut
+        pCutBest = Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj);
+        Dar_ObjClearBestCut(pCutBest);
+        // if the node is used, dereference its cut
+        if ( pObj->nRefs )
+            Dar_CutDeref( p->pManAig, pCutBest );
+
+        // evaluate the cuts of this node
+        Dar_ObjForEachCut( pObj, pCut, k )
+//            Cnf_CutAssignAreaFlow( p, pCut );
+            pCut->Area = (float)Cnf_CutArea( p->pManAig, pCut );
+
+        // find the new best cut
+        pCutBest = Cnf_ObjFindBestCut(pObj);
+        Dar_ObjSetBestCut( pCutBest );
+        // if the node is used, reference its cut
+        if ( pObj->nRefs )
+            Dar_CutRef( p->pManAig, pCutBest );
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnfPost.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfPost.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f6a6424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfPost.c
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnfPost.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfPost.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_ManPostprocess_old( Cnf_Man_t * p )
+{
+    extern int Dar_ManLargeCutEval( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pRoot, Dar_Cut_t * pCutR, Dar_Cut_t * pCutL, int Leaf );
+    int nNew, Gain, nGain = 0, nVars = 0;
+
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj, * pFan;
+    Dar_Cut_t * pCutBest, * pCut;
+    int i, k;//, a, b, Counter;
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+            continue;
+        if ( pObj->nRefs == 0 )
+            continue;
+        pCutBest = Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj);
+        Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCutBest, pFan, k )
+        {
+            if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pFan) )
+                continue;
+            assert( pFan->nRefs != 0 );
+            if ( pFan->nRefs != 1 )
+                continue;
+            pCut = Dar_ObjBestCut(pFan);
+/*
+            // find how many common variable they have
+            Counter = 0;
+            for ( a = 0; a < (int)pCut->nLeaves; a++ )
+            {
+                for ( b = 0; b < (int)pCutBest->nLeaves; b++ )
+                    if ( pCut->pLeaves[a] == pCutBest->pLeaves[b] )
+                        break;
+                if ( b == (int)pCutBest->nLeaves )
+                    continue;
+                Counter++;
+            }
+            printf( "%d ", Counter );
+*/
+            // find the new truth table after collapsing these two cuts
+            nNew = Dar_ManLargeCutEval( p->pManAig, pObj, pCutBest, pCut, pFan->Id );
+//            printf( "%d+%d=%d:%d(%d) ", pCutBest->Cost, pCut->Cost, 
+//                pCutBest->Cost+pCut->Cost, nNew, pCutBest->Cost+pCut->Cost-nNew );
+
+            Gain = pCutBest->Cost+pCut->Cost-nNew;
+            if ( Gain > 0 )
+            {
+                nGain += Gain;
+                nVars++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    printf( "Total gain = %d.  Vars = %d.\n", nGain, nVars );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Transfers cuts of the mapped nodes into internal representation.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_ManTransferCuts( Cnf_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    Dar_MmFlexRestart( p->pMemCuts );
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) && pObj->nRefs > 0 )
+            pObj->pData = Cnf_CutCreate( p, pObj );
+        else
+            pObj->pData = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Transfers cuts of the mapped nodes into internal representation.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_ManFreeCuts( Cnf_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        if ( pObj->pData )
+        {
+            Cnf_CutFree( pObj->pData );
+            pObj->pData = NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_ManPostprocess( Cnf_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Cnf_Cut_t * pCut, * pCutFan, * pCutRes;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj, * pFan;
+    int Order[16], Costs[16];
+    int i, k, fChanges;
+    Dar_ManForEachNode( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( pObj->nRefs == 0 )
+            continue;
+        pCut = Cnf_ObjBestCut(pObj);
+
+        // sort fanins according to their size
+        Cnf_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCut, pFan, k )
+        {
+            Order[k] = k;
+            Costs[k] = Dar_ObjIsNode(pFan)? Cnf_ObjBestCut(pFan)->Cost : 0;
+        }
+        // sort the cuts by Weight
+        do {
+            int Temp;
+            fChanges = 0;
+            for ( k = 0; k < pCut->nFanins - 1; k++ )
+            {
+                if ( Costs[Order[k]] <= Costs[Order[k+1]] )
+                    continue;
+                Temp = Order[k];
+                Order[k] = Order[k+1];
+                Order[k+1] = Temp;
+                fChanges = 1;
+            }
+        } while ( fChanges );
+
+
+//        Cnf_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCut, pFan, k )
+        for ( k = 0; (k < (int)(pCut)->nFanins) && ((pFan) = Dar_ManObj(p->pManAig, (pCut)->pFanins[Order[k]])); k++ )
+        {
+            if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pFan) )
+                continue;
+            assert( pFan->nRefs != 0 );
+            if ( pFan->nRefs != 1 )
+                continue;
+            pCutFan = Cnf_ObjBestCut(pFan);
+            // try composing these two cuts
+//            Cnf_CutPrint( pCut );
+            pCutRes = Cnf_CutCompose( p, pCut, pCutFan, pFan->Id );
+//            Cnf_CutPrint( pCut );
+//            printf( "\n" );
+            // check if the cost if reduced
+            if ( pCutRes == NULL || pCutRes->Cost == 127 || pCutRes->Cost > pCut->Cost + pCutFan->Cost )
+            {
+                if ( pCutRes )
+                    Cnf_CutFree( pCutRes );
+                continue;
+            }
+            // update the cut
+            Cnf_ObjSetBestCut( pObj, pCutRes );
+            Cnf_ObjSetBestCut( pFan, NULL );
+            Cnf_CutUpdateRefs( p, pCut, pCutFan, pCutRes );
+            assert( pFan->nRefs == 0 );
+            Cnf_CutFree( pCut );
+            Cnf_CutFree( pCutFan );
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnfUtil.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfUtil.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..249f43fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfUtil.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnfUtil.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfUtil.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area, references, and nodes used in the mapping.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Dar_ManScanMapping_rec( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
+    Dar_Cut_t * pCutBest;
+    int aArea, i;
+    if ( pObj->nRefs++ || Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) || Dar_ObjIsConst1(pObj) )
+        return 0;
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsAnd(pObj) );
+    // collect the node first to derive pre-order
+    if ( vMapped )
+        Vec_PtrPush( vMapped, pObj );
+    // visit the transitive fanin of the selected cut
+    pCutBest = Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj);
+    aArea = pCutBest->Cost;
+    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCutBest, pLeaf, i )
+        aArea += Dar_ManScanMapping_rec( p, pLeaf, vMapped );
+    return aArea;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area, references, and nodes used in the mapping.]
+
+  Description [Collects the nodes in reverse topological order.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Vec_Ptr_t * Dar_ManScanMapping( Cnf_Man_t * p, int fCollect )
+{
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped = NULL;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    // clean all references
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        pObj->nRefs = 0;
+    // allocate the array
+    if ( fCollect )
+        vMapped = Vec_PtrAlloc( 1000 );
+    // collect nodes reachable from POs in the DFS order through the best cuts
+    p->aArea = 0;
+    Dar_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        p->aArea += Dar_ManScanMapping_rec( p, Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj), vMapped );
+    printf( "Variables = %6d. Clauses = %8d.\n", vMapped? Vec_PtrSize(vMapped) : 0, p->aArea );
+    return vMapped;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area, references, and nodes used in the mapping.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Cnf_ManScanMapping_rec( Cnf_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
+    Cnf_Cut_t * pCutBest;
+    int aArea, i;
+    if ( pObj->nRefs++ || Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) || Dar_ObjIsConst1(pObj) )
+        return 0;
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsAnd(pObj) );
+    assert( pObj->pData != NULL );
+    // visit the transitive fanin of the selected cut
+    pCutBest = pObj->pData;
+    assert( pCutBest->Cost < 127 );
+    aArea = pCutBest->Cost;
+    Cnf_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCutBest, pLeaf, i )
+        aArea += Cnf_ManScanMapping_rec( p, pLeaf, vMapped );
+    // collect the node first to derive pre-order
+    if ( vMapped )
+        Vec_PtrPush( vMapped, pObj );
+    return aArea;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes area, references, and nodes used in the mapping.]
+
+  Description [Collects the nodes in reverse topological order.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Vec_Ptr_t * Cnf_ManScanMapping( Cnf_Man_t * p, int fCollect )
+{
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped = NULL;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    // clean all references
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        pObj->nRefs = 0;
+    // allocate the array
+    if ( fCollect )
+        vMapped = Vec_PtrAlloc( 1000 );
+    // collect nodes reachable from POs in the DFS order through the best cuts
+    p->aArea = 0;
+    Dar_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        p->aArea += Cnf_ManScanMapping_rec( p, Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj), vMapped );
+    printf( "Variables = %6d. Clauses = %8d.\n", vMapped? Vec_PtrSize(vMapped) : 0, p->aArea );
+    return vMapped;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnfWrite.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnfWrite.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2637d115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnfWrite.c
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnfWrite.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnfWrite.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes the cover into the array.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Cnf_SopConvertToVector( char * pSop, int nCubes, Vec_Int_t * vCover )
+{
+    int Lits[4], Cube, iCube, i, b;
+    Vec_IntClear( vCover );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nCubes; i++ )
+    {
+        Cube = pSop[i];
+        for ( b = 0; b < 4; b++ )
+        {
+            if ( Cube % 3 == 0 )
+                Lits[b] = 1;
+            else if ( Cube % 3 == 1 )
+                Lits[b] = 2;
+            else
+                Lits[b] = 0;
+            Cube = Cube / 3;
+        }
+        iCube = 0;
+        for ( b = 0; b < 4; b++ )
+            iCube = (iCube << 2) | Lits[b];
+        Vec_IntPush( vCover, iCube );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the number of literals in the SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Cnf_SopCountLiterals( char * pSop, int nCubes )
+{
+    int nLits = 0, Cube, i, b;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nCubes; i++ )
+    {
+        Cube = pSop[i];
+        for ( b = 0; b < 4; b++ )
+        {
+            if ( Cube % 3 != 2 )
+                nLits++;
+            Cube = Cube / 3;
+        }
+    }
+    return nLits;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the number of literals in the SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Cnf_IsopCountLiterals( Vec_Int_t * vIsop, int nVars )
+{
+    int nLits = 0, Cube, i, b;
+    Vec_IntForEachEntry( vIsop, Cube, i )
+    {
+        for ( b = 0; b < nVars; b++ )
+        {
+            if ( (Cube & 3) == 1 || (Cube & 3) == 2 )
+                nLits++;
+            Cube >>= 2;
+        }
+    }
+    return nLits;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes the cube and returns the number of literals in it.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Cnf_SopWriteCube( char Cube, int * pVars, int fCompl, int * pLiterals )
+{
+    int nLits = 4, b;
+    for ( b = 0; b < 4; b++ )
+    {
+        if ( Cube % 3 == 0 )
+            *pLiterals++ = 2 * pVars[b] + !fCompl;
+        else if ( Cube % 3 == 1 )
+            *pLiterals++ = 2 * pVars[b] + fCompl;
+        else
+            nLits--;
+        Cube = Cube / 3;
+    }
+    return nLits;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes the cube and returns the number of literals in it.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Cnf_IsopWriteCube( int Cube, int nVars, int * pVars, int fCompl, int * pLiterals )
+{
+    int nLits = nVars, b;
+    for ( b = 0; b < nVars; b++ )
+    {
+        if ( (Cube & 3) == 1 )
+            *pLiterals++ = 2 * pVars[b] + !fCompl;
+        else if ( (Cube & 3) == 2 )
+            *pLiterals++ = 2 * pVars[b] + fCompl;
+        else
+            nLits--;
+        Cube >>= 2;
+    }
+    return nLits;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Cnf_Dat_t * Cnf_ManWriteCnf( Cnf_Man_t * p, Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    Cnf_Dat_t * pCnf;
+    Cnf_Cut_t * pCut;
+    int OutVar, pVars[32], * pLits, ** pClas;
+    unsigned uTruth;
+    int i, k, nLiterals, nClauses, nCubes, Cube, Number;
+
+    // count the number of literals and clauses
+    nLiterals = 1 + Dar_ManPoNum( p->pManAig );
+    nClauses = 1 + Dar_ManPoNum( p->pManAig );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vMapped, pObj, i )
+    {
+        assert( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) );
+        pCut = Cnf_ObjBestCut( pObj );
+
+        // positive polarity of the cut
+        if ( pCut->nFanins < 5 )
+        {
+            uTruth = 0xFFFF & *Cnf_CutTruth(pCut);
+            nLiterals += Cnf_SopCountLiterals( p->pSops[uTruth], p->pSopSizes[uTruth] ) + p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
+            assert( p->pSopSizes[uTruth] >= 0 );
+            nClauses += p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            nLiterals += Cnf_IsopCountLiterals( pCut->vIsop[1], pCut->nFanins ) + Vec_IntSize(pCut->vIsop[1]);
+            nClauses += Vec_IntSize(pCut->vIsop[1]);
+        }
+        // negative polarity of the cut
+        if ( pCut->nFanins < 5 )
+        {
+            uTruth = 0xFFFF & ~*Cnf_CutTruth(pCut);
+            nLiterals += Cnf_SopCountLiterals( p->pSops[uTruth], p->pSopSizes[uTruth] ) + p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
+            assert( p->pSopSizes[uTruth] >= 0 );
+            nClauses += p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            nLiterals += Cnf_IsopCountLiterals( pCut->vIsop[0], pCut->nFanins ) + Vec_IntSize(pCut->vIsop[0]);
+            nClauses += Vec_IntSize(pCut->vIsop[0]);
+        }
+//printf( "%d ", nClauses-(1 + Dar_ManPoNum( p->pManAig )) );
+    }
+//printf( "\n" );
+
+    // allocate CNF
+    pCnf = ALLOC( Cnf_Dat_t, 1 );
+    memset( pCnf, 0, sizeof(Cnf_Dat_t) );
+    pCnf->nLiterals = nLiterals;
+    pCnf->nClauses = nClauses;
+    pCnf->pClauses = ALLOC( int *, nClauses + 1 );
+    pCnf->pClauses[0] = ALLOC( int, nLiterals );
+    pCnf->pClauses[nClauses] = pCnf->pClauses[0] + nLiterals;
+
+    // set variable numbers
+    Number = 0;
+    pCnf->pVarNums = ALLOC( int, 1+Dar_ManObjIdMax(p->pManAig) );
+    memset( pCnf->pVarNums, 0xff, sizeof(int) * (1+Dar_ManObjIdMax(p->pManAig)) );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vMapped, pObj, i )
+        pCnf->pVarNums[pObj->Id] = Number++;
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        pCnf->pVarNums[pObj->Id] = Number++;
+    pCnf->pVarNums[Dar_ManConst1(p->pManAig)->Id] = Number++;
+    pCnf->nVars = Number;
+
+    // assign the clauses
+    pLits = pCnf->pClauses[0];
+    pClas = pCnf->pClauses;
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vMapped, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pCut = Cnf_ObjBestCut( pObj );
+
+        // save variables of this cut
+        OutVar = pCnf->pVarNums[ pObj->Id ];
+        for ( k = 0; k < (int)pCut->nFanins; k++ )
+        {
+            pVars[k] = pCnf->pVarNums[ pCut->pFanins[k] ];
+            assert( pVars[k] <= Dar_ManObjIdMax(p->pManAig) );
+        }
+
+        // positive polarity of the cut
+        if ( pCut->nFanins < 5 )
+        {
+            uTruth = 0xFFFF & *Cnf_CutTruth(pCut);
+            nCubes = p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
+            for ( k = 0; k < nCubes; k++ )
+            {
+                *pClas++ = pLits;
+                *pLits++ = 2 * OutVar + 1; 
+                pLits += Cnf_SopWriteCube( p->pSops[uTruth][k], pVars, 0, pLits );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Vec_IntForEachEntry( pCut->vIsop[1], Cube, k )
+            {
+                *pClas++ = pLits;
+                *pLits++ = 2 * OutVar + 1; 
+                pLits += Cnf_IsopWriteCube( Cube, pCut->nFanins, pVars, 0, pLits );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // negative polarity of the cut
+        if ( pCut->nFanins < 5 )
+        {
+            uTruth = 0xFFFF & ~*Cnf_CutTruth(pCut);
+            nCubes = p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
+            for ( k = 0; k < nCubes; k++ )
+            {
+                *pClas++ = pLits;
+                *pLits++ = 2 * OutVar; 
+                pLits += Cnf_SopWriteCube( p->pSops[uTruth][k], pVars, 1, pLits );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Vec_IntForEachEntry( pCut->vIsop[0], Cube, k )
+            {
+                *pClas++ = pLits;
+                *pLits++ = 2 * OutVar; 
+                pLits += Cnf_IsopWriteCube( Cube, pCut->nFanins, pVars, 1, pLits );
+            }
+        }
+//printf( "%d ", pClas-pCnf->pClauses );
+    }
+
+    // write the constant literal
+    OutVar = pCnf->pVarNums[ Dar_ManConst1(p->pManAig)->Id ];
+    assert( OutVar <= Dar_ManObjIdMax(p->pManAig) );
+    *pClas++ = pLits;
+    *pLits++ = 2 * OutVar; 
+
+    // write the output literals
+    Dar_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        OutVar = pCnf->pVarNums[ Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)->Id ];
+        *pClas++ = pLits;
+        *pLits++ = 2 * OutVar + Dar_ObjFaninC0(pObj); 
+    }
+
+    // verify that the correct number of literals and clauses was written
+    assert( pLits - pCnf->pClauses[0] == nLiterals );
+    assert( pClas - pCnf->pClauses == nClauses );
+    return pCnf;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/cnf_.c b/src/aig/cnf/cnf_.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c9ca499
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/cnf_.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cnf_.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [AIG-to-CNF conversion.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cnf_.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cnf.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/cnf/module.make b/src/aig/cnf/module.make
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbcaeba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/cnf/module.make
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+SRC +=    src/aig/cnf/cnfCore.c \
+    src/aig/cnf/cnfCut.c \
+    src/aig/cnf/cnfData.c \
+    src/aig/cnf/cnfMan.c \
+    src/aig/cnf/cnfMap.c \
+    src/aig/cnf/cnfPost.c \
+    src/aig/cnf/cnfUtil.c \
+    src/aig/cnf/cnfWrite.c 
diff --git a/src/aig/dar/dar.h b/src/aig/dar/dar.h
index f71470cf..9744da88 100644
--- a/src/aig/dar/dar.h
+++ b/src/aig/dar/dar.h
@@ -84,10 +84,11 @@ struct Dar_Cut_t_  // 8 words
 {
     unsigned         uSign;
     unsigned         uTruth  : 16;   // the truth table of the cut function
-    unsigned         Cost    :  6;   // the cost of the cut in terms of CNF clauses
+    unsigned         Cost    :  5;   // the cost of the cut in terms of CNF clauses
     unsigned         FanRefs :  4;   // the average number of fanin references
     unsigned         NoRefs  :  3;   // the average number of fanin references
     unsigned         nLeaves :  3;   // the number of leaves
+    unsigned         fBest   :  1;   // marks the best cut
     int              pLeaves[4];     // the array of leaves
 //    unsigned char    pIndices[4];
     float            Area;           // the area flow or exact area of the cut
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ struct Dar_Man_t_
     int              nNodesInit;     // the original number of nodes
     Vec_Ptr_t *      vLeavesBest;    // the best set of leaves
     int              OutBest;        // the best output (in the library)
+    int              OutNumBest;     // the best number of the output
     int              GainBest;       // the best gain
     int              LevelBest;      // the level of node with the best gain
     int              ClassBest;      // the equivalence class of the best replacement
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ struct Dar_Man_t_
     int              ClassTimes[222];// the runtimes for each class
     int              ClassGains[222];// the gains for each class
     int              ClassSubgs[222];// the graphs for each class
+    int              nCutMemUsed;    // memory used for cuts
     // various data members
     Dar_MmFixed_t *  pMemObjs;       // memory manager for objects
     Dar_MmFlex_t *   pMemCuts;       // memory manager for cuts
@@ -155,9 +158,7 @@ struct Dar_Man_t_
     int              nTravIds;       // the current traversal ID
     int              fCatchExor;     // enables EXOR nodes
     // CNF mapping
-    char *           pSopSizes;      // sizes of SOPs for 4-variable functions
-    char **          pSops;          // the SOPs for 4-variable functions
-    int              aArea;          // the area of the mapping
+    void *           pManCnf;        // CNF conversion manager
     // rewriting statistics
     int              nCutsBad;
     int              nCutsGood;
@@ -274,8 +275,16 @@ static inline int          Dar_ObjFanoutC( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Dar_Obj_t * pFanout
     if ( Dar_ObjFanin1(pFanout) == pObj ) return Dar_ObjFaninC1(pObj); 
     assert(0); return -1; 
 }
-static inline Dar_Cut_t *  Dar_ObjBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj ) { return (Dar_Cut_t *)pObj->pNext;  }
-static inline void         Dar_ObjSetBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )   { pObj->pNext = (Dar_Obj_t *)pCut; }
+static inline Dar_Cut_t *  Dar_ObjBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj ) 
+{ 
+    Dar_Cut_t * pCut; int i; 
+    for ( pCut = pObj->pData, i = 0; i < (int)pObj->nCuts; i++, pCut++ ) 
+        if ( pCut->fBest ) 
+            return pCut; 
+    return NULL;  
+}
+static inline void         Dar_ObjSetBestCut( Dar_Cut_t * pCut )     { assert( !pCut->fBest ); pCut->fBest = 1; }
+static inline void         Dar_ObjClearBestCut( Dar_Cut_t * pCut )   { assert(  pCut->fBest ); pCut->fBest = 0; }
 
 // create the ghost of the new node
 static inline Dar_Obj_t *  Dar_ObjCreateGhost( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * p0, Dar_Obj_t * p1, Dar_Type_t Type )    
@@ -333,6 +342,9 @@ static inline void Dar_ManRecycleMemory( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pEntry )
 // iterator over all objects, including those currently not used
 #define Dar_ManForEachObj( p, pObj, i )                                         \
     Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vObjs, pObj, i ) if ( (pObj) == NULL ) {} else
+// iterator over all nodes
+#define Dar_ManForEachNode( p, pObj, i )                                         \
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vObjs, pObj, i ) if ( (pObj) == NULL || !Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) ) {} else
 // iterator over all cuts of the node
 #define Dar_ObjForEachCut( pObj, pCut, i )                                      \
     for ( pCut = pObj->pData, i = 0; i < (int)pObj->nCuts; i++, pCut++ ) if ( i==0 ) {} else
@@ -383,6 +395,7 @@ extern void            Dar_LibEval( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pRoot, Dar_Cut_t
 extern Dar_Obj_t *     Dar_LibBuildBest( Dar_Man_t * p );
 /*=== darMan.c ==========================================================*/
 extern Dar_Man_t *     Dar_ManStart();
+extern Dar_Man_t *     Dar_ManStartFrom( Dar_Man_t * p );
 extern Dar_Man_t *     Dar_ManDup( Dar_Man_t * p );
 extern void            Dar_ManStop( Dar_Man_t * p );
 extern int             Dar_ManCleanup( Dar_Man_t * p );
diff --git a/src/aig/dar/darCnf.c b/src/aig/dar/darCnf.c
deleted file mode 100644
index fd58b875..00000000
--- a/src/aig/dar/darCnf.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,679 +0,0 @@
-/**CFile****************************************************************
-
-  FileName    [darCnf.c]
-
-  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
-
-  PackageName [DAG-aware AIG rewriting.]
-
-  Synopsis    []
-
-  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
-  
-  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
-
-  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - April 28, 2007.]
-
-  Revision    [$Id: darCnf.c,v 1.00 2007/04/28 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
-
-***********************************************************************/
-
-#include "dar.h"
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Dereferences the cut.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-static inline void Dar_CurDeref2( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
-{
-    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
-    int i;
-    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
-    {
-        assert( pLeaf->nRefs > 0 );
-        pLeaf->nRefs--;
-    }
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [References the cut.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-static inline void Dar_CurRef2( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
-{
-    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
-    int i;
-    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
-        pLeaf->nRefs++;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Computes area of the first level.]
-
-  Description [The cut need to be derefed.]
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
- 
-***********************************************************************/
-void Dar_CutDeref( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
-{ 
-    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
-    int i;
-    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
-    {
-        assert( pLeaf->nRefs > 0 );
-        if ( --pLeaf->nRefs > 0 || !Dar_ObjIsAnd(pLeaf) )
-            continue;
-        Dar_CutDeref( p, Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf) );
-    }
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Computes area of the first level.]
-
-  Description [The cut need to be derefed.]
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_CutRef( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
-{
-    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
-    int i, Area = pCut->Cost;
-    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
-    {
-        assert( pLeaf->nRefs >= 0 );
-        if ( pLeaf->nRefs++ > 0 || !Dar_ObjIsAnd(pLeaf) )
-            continue;
-        Area += Dar_CutRef( p, Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf) );
-    }
-    return Area;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Computes exact area of the cut.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_CutArea( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
-{
-    int Area = Dar_CutRef( p, pCut );
-    Dar_CutDeref( p, pCut );
-    return Area;
-}
-
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if the second cut is better.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-static inline int Dar_CutCompare( Dar_Cut_t * pC0, Dar_Cut_t * pC1 )
-{
-    if ( pC0->Area < pC1->Area - 0.0001 )
-        return -1;
-    if ( pC0->Area > pC1->Area + 0.0001 ) // smaller area flow is better
-        return 1;
-/*
-    if ( pC0->NoRefs < pC1->NoRefs )
-        return -1;
-    if ( pC0->NoRefs > pC1->NoRefs ) // fewer non-referenced fanins is better
-        return 1;
-*/
-//    if ( pC0->FanRefs / pC0->nLeaves > pC1->FanRefs / pC1->nLeaves )
-//        return -1;
-
-//    if ( pC0->FanRefs / pC0->nLeaves < pC1->FanRefs / pC1->nLeaves )
-        return 1; // larger average fanin ref-counter is better
-//    return 0;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Returns the cut with the smallest area flow.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-Dar_Cut_t * Dar_ObjFindBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
-{
-    Dar_Cut_t * pCut, * pCutBest;
-    int i;
-    pCutBest = NULL;
-    Dar_ObjForEachCut( pObj, pCut, i )
-        if ( pCutBest == NULL || Dar_CutCompare(pCutBest, pCut) == 1 )
-            pCutBest = pCut;
-    return pCutBest;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Computes area flow of the cut.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-void Dar_CutAssignAreaFlow( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
-{
-    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
-    int i;
-    pCut->Area    = (float)pCut->Cost;
-    pCut->NoRefs  = 0;
-    pCut->FanRefs = 0;
-    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
-    {
-        if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pLeaf) )
-            continue;
-        if ( pLeaf->nRefs == 0 )
-        {
-            pCut->Area += Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf)->Area;
-//            pCut->NoRefs++;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            pCut->Area += Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf)->Area / pLeaf->nRefs;
-//            if ( pCut->FanRefs + pLeaf->nRefs > 15 )
-//                pCut->FanRefs = 15;
-//            else
-//                pCut->FanRefs += pLeaf->nRefs;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Computes area flow of the cut.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-void Dar_CutAssignArea( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
-{
-    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
-    int i;
-    pCut->Area    = (float)pCut->Cost;
-    pCut->NoRefs  = 0;
-    pCut->FanRefs = 0;
-    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCut, pLeaf, i )
-    {
-        if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pLeaf) )
-            continue;
-        if ( pLeaf->nRefs == 0 )
-        {
-            pCut->Area += Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf)->Cost;
-            pCut->NoRefs++;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if ( pCut->FanRefs + pLeaf->nRefs > 15 )
-                pCut->FanRefs = 15;
-            else
-                pCut->FanRefs += pLeaf->nRefs;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Computes area, references, and nodes used in the mapping.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_ManScanMapping_rec( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped )
-{
-    Dar_Obj_t * pLeaf;
-    Dar_Cut_t * pCutBest;
-    int aArea, i;
-    if ( pObj->nRefs++ || Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) || Dar_ObjIsConst1(pObj) )
-        return 0;
-    assert( Dar_ObjIsAnd(pObj) );
-    // collect the node first to derive pre-order
-    if ( vMapped )
-    {
-//        printf( "%d ", Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj)->Cost );
-        Vec_PtrPush( vMapped, pObj );
-    }
-    // visit the transitive fanin of the selected cut
-    pCutBest = Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj);
-    aArea = pCutBest->Cost;
-    Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCutBest, pLeaf, i )
-        aArea += Dar_ManScanMapping_rec( p, pLeaf, vMapped );
-    return aArea;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Computes area, references, and nodes used in the mapping.]
-
-  Description [Collects the nodes in reverse topological order in array 
-  p->vMapping.]
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-Vec_Ptr_t * Dar_ManScanMapping( Dar_Man_t * p, int fCollect )
-{
-    Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped = NULL;
-    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
-    int i;
-    // clean all references
-    Dar_ManForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
-        pObj->nRefs = 0;
-    // allocate the array
-    if ( fCollect )
-        vMapped = Vec_PtrAlloc( 1000 );
-    // collect nodes reachable from POs in the DFS order through the best cuts
-    p->aArea = 0;
-    Dar_ManForEachPo( p, pObj, i )
-        p->aArea += Dar_ManScanMapping_rec( p, Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj), vMapped );
-    printf( "Variables = %d. Clauses = %6d.\n", vMapped? Vec_PtrSize(vMapped) : 0, p->aArea );
-    return vMapped;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    []
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_ManMapForCnf( Dar_Man_t * p )
-{
-    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
-    Dar_Cut_t * pCut;
-    int i, k;
-    // visit the nodes in the topological order and update their best cuts
-    Dar_ManForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
-    {
-        if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
-            continue;
-//        if ( pObj->nRefs )
-//            continue;
-
-        // if the node is used, dereference its cut
-        if ( pObj->nRefs )
-            Dar_CutDeref( p, Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj) );
-        // evaluate the cuts of this node
-        Dar_ObjForEachCut( pObj, pCut, k )
-//            Dar_CutAssignArea( p, pCut );
-//            Dar_CutAssignAreaFlow( p, pCut );
-            pCut->Area = (float)Dar_CutArea( p, pCut );
-        // find a new good cut
-        Dar_ObjSetBestCut( pObj, Dar_ObjFindBestCut(pObj) );
-        // if the node is used, reference its cut
-        if ( pObj->nRefs )
-            Dar_CutRef( p, Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj) );
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Returns the number of literals in the SOP.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_SopCountLiterals( char * pSop, int nCubes )
-{
-    int nLits = 0, Cube, i, b;
-    for ( i = 0; i < nCubes; i++ )
-    {
-        Cube = pSop[i];
-        for ( b = 3; b >= 0; b-- )
-        {
-            if ( Cube % 3 != 2 )
-                nLits++;
-            Cube = Cube / 3;
-        }
-    }
-    return nLits;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    [Writes the cube and returns the number of literals in it.]
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_SopWriteCube( char Cube, int * pVars, int fCompl, int * pLiterals )
-{
-    int nLits = 4, b;
-    for ( b = 3; b >= 0; b-- )
-    {
-        if ( Cube % 3 == 0 )
-            *pLiterals++ = 2 * pVars[b] + 1 ^ fCompl;
-        else if ( Cube % 3 == 1 )
-            *pLiterals++ = 2 * pVars[b] + fCompl;
-        else
-            nLits--;
-        Cube = Cube / 3;
-    }
-    return nLits;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    []
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-Dar_Cnf_t * Dar_ManWriteCnf( Dar_Man_t * p, Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped )
-{
-    Dar_Cnf_t * pCnf;
-    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
-    Dar_Cut_t * pCut;
-    int OutVar, pVars[4], * pLits, ** pClas;
-    unsigned uTruth;
-    int i, k, nLiterals, nClauses, nCubes, Number;
-
-    // count the number of literals and clauses
-    nLiterals = 1 + Dar_ManPoNum( p );
-    nClauses = 1 + Dar_ManPoNum( p );
-    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vMapped, pObj, i )
-    {
-        assert( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) );
-        pCut = Dar_ObjBestCut( pObj );
-        // positive polarity of the cut
-        uTruth = pCut->uTruth;
-        nLiterals += Dar_SopCountLiterals( p->pSops[uTruth], p->pSopSizes[uTruth] ) + p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
-        nClauses += p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
-        // negative polarity of the cut
-        uTruth = 0xFFFF & ~pCut->uTruth;
-        nLiterals += Dar_SopCountLiterals( p->pSops[uTruth], p->pSopSizes[uTruth] ) + p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
-        nClauses += p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
-    }
-
-    // allocate CNF
-    pCnf = ALLOC( Dar_Cnf_t, 1 );
-    memset( pCnf, 0, sizeof(Dar_Cnf_t) );
-    pCnf->nLiterals = nLiterals;
-    pCnf->nClauses = nClauses;
-    pCnf->pClauses = ALLOC( int *, nClauses );
-    pCnf->pClauses[0] = ALLOC( int, nLiterals );
-    pCnf->pVarNums = ALLOC( int, 1+Dar_ManObjIdMax(p) );
-
-    // set variable numbers
-    Number = 0;
-    memset( pCnf->pVarNums, 0xff, sizeof(int) * (1+Dar_ManObjIdMax(p)) );
-    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vMapped, pObj, i )
-        pCnf->pVarNums[pObj->Id] = Number++;
-    Dar_ManForEachPi( p, pObj, i )
-        pCnf->pVarNums[pObj->Id] = Number++;
-    pCnf->pVarNums[Dar_ManConst1(p)->Id] = Number++;
-
-    // assign the clauses
-    pLits = pCnf->pClauses[0];
-    pClas = pCnf->pClauses;
-    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vMapped, pObj, i )
-    {
-        pCut = Dar_ObjBestCut( pObj );
-        // write variables of this cut
-        OutVar = pCnf->pVarNums[ pObj->Id ];
-        for ( k = 0; k < (int)pCut->nLeaves; k++ )
-        {
-            pVars[k] = pCnf->pVarNums[ pCut->pLeaves[k] ];
-            assert( pVars[k] <= Dar_ManObjIdMax(p) );
-        }
-
-        // positive polarity of the cut
-        uTruth = pCut->uTruth;
-        nCubes = p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
-        // write the cubes
-        for ( k = 0; k < nCubes; k++ )
-        {
-            *pClas++ = pLits;
-            *pLits++ = 2 * pVars[OutVar] + 1; 
-            pLits += Dar_SopWriteCube( p->pSops[uTruth][k], pVars, 0, pLits );
-        }
-
-        // negative polarity of the cut
-        uTruth = 0xFFFF & ~pCut->uTruth;
-        nCubes = p->pSopSizes[uTruth];
-        // write the cubes
-        for ( k = 0; k < nCubes; k++ )
-        {
-            *pClas++ = pLits;
-            *pLits++ = 2 * pVars[OutVar]; 
-            pLits += Dar_SopWriteCube( p->pSops[uTruth][k], pVars, 1, pLits );
-        }
-    }
-
-    // write the output literals
-    Dar_ManForEachPo( p, pObj, i )
-    {
-        OutVar = pCnf->pVarNums[ Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)->Id ];
-        *pClas++ = pLits;
-        *pLits++ = 2 * pVars[OutVar] + Dar_ObjFaninC0(pObj); 
-    }
-    // write the constant literal
-    OutVar = pCnf->pVarNums[ Dar_ManConst1(p)->Id ];
-    assert( OutVar <= Dar_ManObjIdMax(p) );
-    *pClas++ = pLits;
-    *pLits++ = 2 * pVars[OutVar]; 
-
-    // verify that the correct number of literals and clauses was written
-    assert( pLits - pCnf->pClauses[0] == nLiterals );
-    assert( pClas - pCnf->pClauses == nClauses );
-    return pCnf;
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    []
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-void Dar_CnfFree( Dar_Cnf_t * pCnf )
-{
-    if ( pCnf == NULL )
-        return;
-    free( pCnf->pClauses[0] );
-    free( pCnf->pClauses );
-    free( pCnf->pVarNums );
-    free( pCnf );
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    []
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-void Dar_ManExploreMapping( Dar_Man_t * p )
-{
-    extern int Dar_ManLargeCutEval( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pRoot, Dar_Cut_t * pCutR, Dar_Cut_t * pCutL, int Leaf );
-    int nNew, Gain, nGain = 0, nVars = 0;
-
-    Dar_Obj_t * pObj, * pLeaf;
-    Dar_Cut_t * pCutBest, * pCut;
-    int i, k, a, b, Counter;
-    Dar_ManForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
-    {
-        if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
-            continue;
-        if ( pObj->nRefs == 0 )
-            continue;
-        pCutBest = Dar_ObjBestCut(pObj);
-        Dar_CutForEachLeaf( p, pCutBest, pLeaf, k )
-        {
-            if ( !Dar_ObjIsNode(pLeaf) )
-                continue;
-            assert( pLeaf->nRefs != 0 );
-            if ( pLeaf->nRefs != 1 )
-                continue;
-            pCut = Dar_ObjBestCut(pLeaf);
-/*
-            // find how many common variable they have
-            Counter = 0;
-            for ( a = 0; a < (int)pCut->nLeaves; a++ )
-            {
-                for ( b = 0; b < (int)pCutBest->nLeaves; b++ )
-                    if ( pCut->pLeaves[a] == pCutBest->pLeaves[b] )
-                        break;
-                if ( b == (int)pCutBest->nLeaves )
-                    continue;
-                Counter++;
-            }
-            printf( "%d ", Counter );
-*/
-            // find the new truth table after collapsing these two cuts
-            nNew = Dar_ManLargeCutEval( p, pObj, pCutBest, pCut, pLeaf->Id );
-//            printf( "%d+%d=%d:%d(%d) ", pCutBest->Cost, pCut->Cost, 
-//                pCutBest->Cost+pCut->Cost, nNew, pCutBest->Cost+pCut->Cost-nNew );
-
-            Gain = pCutBest->Cost+pCut->Cost-nNew;
-            if ( Gain > 0 )
-            {
-                nGain += Gain;
-                nVars++;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    printf( "Total gain = %d.  Vars = %d.\n", nGain, nVars );
-}
-
-/**Function*************************************************************
-
-  Synopsis    []
-
-  Description []
-               
-  SideEffects []
-
-  SeeAlso     []
-
-***********************************************************************/
-Dar_Cnf_t * Dar_ManDeriveCnf( Dar_Man_t * p )
-{
-    Dar_Cnf_t * pCnf = NULL;
-    Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped;
-    int i, nIters = 2;
-    int clk;
-
-    // derive SOPs for all 4-variable functions
-clk = clock();
-    Dar_LibReadMsops( &p->pSopSizes, &p->pSops );
-PRT( "setup", clock() - clk );
-
-    // generate cuts for all nodes, assign cost, and find best cuts
-    // (used pObj->pNext for storing the best cut of the node!)
-clk = clock();
-    Dar_ManComputeCuts( p );
-PRT( "cuts ", clock() - clk );
-
-    // iteratively improve area flow
-    for ( i = 0; i < nIters; i++ )
-    {
-clk = clock();
-        Dar_ManScanMapping( p, 0 );
-        Dar_ManMapForCnf( p );
-PRT( "iter ", clock() - clk );
-    }
-
-    // write the file
-    vMapped = Dar_ManScanMapping( p, 1 );
-clk = clock();
-    Dar_ManExploreMapping( p );
-PRT( "exten", clock() - clk );
-//    pCnf = Dar_ManWriteCnf( p, vMapped );
-    Vec_PtrFree( vMapped );
-
-    // clean up
-    Dar_ManCutsFree( p );
-    return pCnf;
-}
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-///                       END OF FILE                                ///
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-
diff --git a/src/aig/dar/darCore.c b/src/aig/dar/darCore.c
index 820b0002..147cd38f 100644
--- a/src/aig/dar/darCore.c
+++ b/src/aig/dar/darCore.c
@@ -106,11 +106,15 @@ p->timeCuts += clock() - clk;
         // count gains of this class
         p->ClassGains[p->ClassBest] += nNodeBefore - nNodeAfter;
 
+//        if ( p->ClassBest == 29 )
+//            printf( "%d ", p->OutNumBest );
+
     }
 p->timeTotal = clock() - clkStart;
 p->timeOther = p->timeTotal - p->timeCuts - p->timeEval;
 
     Extra_ProgressBarStop( pProgress );
+    p->nCutMemUsed = Dar_MmFlexReadMemUsage(p->pMemCuts)/(1<<20);
     Dar_ManCutsFree( p );
     // put the nodes into the DFS order and reassign their IDs
 //    Dar_NtkReassignIds( p );
@@ -161,7 +165,6 @@ int Dar_ManComputeCuts( Dar_Man_t * p )
         Dar_ManNodeNum(p), nCutsTotal, nCutsMax, (float)nCutsTotal/Dar_ManNodeNum(p), 
         p->nCutsFiltered, p->nCutsFiltered+nCutsTotal+Dar_ManNodeNum(p)+Dar_ManPiNum(p) );
     PRT( "Time", clock() - clkStart );
-
     // free the cuts
 //    Dar_ManCutsFree( p );
     return 1;
diff --git a/src/aig/dar/darCut.c b/src/aig/dar/darCut.c
index 51b0bb10..48f4dc6c 100644
--- a/src/aig/dar/darCut.c
+++ b/src/aig/dar/darCut.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static inline int Dar_CutCheckDominance( Dar_Cut_t * pDom, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_CutFilter( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
+static inline int Dar_CutFilter( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
 { 
     Dar_Cut_t * pTemp;
     int i, k;
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ static inline int Dar_CutMergeOrdered( Dar_Cut_t * pC, Dar_Cut_t * pC0, Dar_Cut_
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_CutMerge( Dar_Cut_t * pCut, Dar_Cut_t * pCut0, Dar_Cut_t * pCut1 )
+static inline int Dar_CutMerge( Dar_Cut_t * pCut, Dar_Cut_t * pCut0, Dar_Cut_t * pCut1 )
 { 
     // merge the nodes
     if ( pCut0->nLeaves <= pCut1->nLeaves )
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ static inline unsigned Dar_CutTruthShrink( unsigned uTruth, int nVars, unsigned
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-unsigned Dar_CutTruth( Dar_Cut_t * pCut, Dar_Cut_t * pCut0, Dar_Cut_t * pCut1, int fCompl0, int fCompl1 )
+static inline unsigned Dar_CutTruth( Dar_Cut_t * pCut, Dar_Cut_t * pCut0, Dar_Cut_t * pCut1, int fCompl0, int fCompl1 )
 {
     unsigned uTruth0 = fCompl0 ? ~pCut0->uTruth : pCut0->uTruth;
     unsigned uTruth1 = fCompl1 ? ~pCut1->uTruth : pCut1->uTruth;
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ unsigned Dar_CutTruth( Dar_Cut_t * pCut, Dar_Cut_t * pCut0, Dar_Cut_t * pCut1, i
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-int Dar_CutSuppMinimize( Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
+static inline int Dar_CutSuppMinimize( Dar_Cut_t * pCut )
 {
     unsigned uMasks[4][2] = {
         { 0x5555, 0xAAAA },
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ void Dar_ObjSetupTrivial( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
 {
     Dar_Cut_t * pCut;
     pCut = pObj->pData;
-    pCut->Cost = 0;
+    memset( pCut, 0, sizeof(Dar_Cut_t) );
     pCut->nLeaves = 1;
     pCut->pLeaves[0] = pObj->Id;
 //    pCut->pIndices[0] = 0;
@@ -464,10 +464,7 @@ void Dar_ManSetupPis( Dar_Man_t * p )
 ***********************************************************************/
 void Dar_ManCutsFree( Dar_Man_t * p )
 {
-    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
-    int i;
-    Dar_ManForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
-        pObj->pData = NULL;
+//    Dar_ManCleanData( p );
     Dar_MmFlexStop( p->pMemCuts, 0 );
     p->pMemCuts = NULL;
 }
@@ -519,11 +516,11 @@ Dar_Cut_t * Dar_ObjComputeCuts( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
                 continue;
         }
 
-        // CNF mapping: assign the cut cost if needed
-        if ( p->pSopSizes )
+        // CNF mapping: assign the cut cost 
+        if ( p->pManCnf )
         {
-            pCut->Cost = p->pSopSizes[pCut->uTruth] + p->pSopSizes[0xFFFF & ~pCut->uTruth];
-            Dar_CutAssignAreaFlow( p, pCut );
+            extern void Cnf_CutAssignAreaFlow( void * pManCnf, Dar_Cut_t * pCut );
+            Cnf_CutAssignAreaFlow( p->pManCnf, pCut );
         }
 
         // increment the number of cuts
@@ -538,9 +535,12 @@ Dar_Cut_t * Dar_ObjComputeCuts( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
     for ( i = 0; i < p->nCutsUsed; i++ )
         *++pCut = *(p->pBaseCuts[i]);
 
-    // CNF mapping: assign the best cut if needed
-    if ( p->pSopSizes )
-        Dar_ObjSetBestCut( pObj, Dar_ObjFindBestCut(pObj) );
+    // CNF mapping: assign the best cut 
+    if ( p->pManCnf )
+    {
+        extern Dar_Cut_t * Cnf_ObjFindBestCut( Dar_Obj_t * pObj );
+        Dar_ObjSetBestCut( Cnf_ObjFindBestCut(pObj) );
+    }
     return pObj->pData;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/aig/dar/darLib.c b/src/aig/dar/darLib.c
index c92324f6..89ce2f0b 100644
--- a/src/aig/dar/darLib.c
+++ b/src/aig/dar/darLib.c
@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ void Dar_LibSetup( Dar_Lib_t * p, Vec_Int_t * vOuts )
          for ( k = 0; k < p->nSubgr[i]; k++ )
             Dar_LibSetup_rec( p, Dar_LibObj(p, p->pSubgr[i][k]), i );
          nNodesTotal += p->nNodes[i];
+//printf( "Class %3d : Subgraphs = %4d. Nodes = %5d.\n", i, p->nSubgr[i], p->nNodes[i] );
     }
     assert( nNodesTotal == p->pNodesTotal );
      // prepare the number of the PI nodes
@@ -604,6 +605,8 @@ void Dar_LibEval( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pRoot, Dar_Cut_t * pCut, int Requir
     int i, k, Class, nNodesSaved, nNodesAdded, nNodesGained, clk;
     if ( pCut->nLeaves != 4 )
         return;
+//    if ( s_DarLib->nSubgr[ s_DarLib->pMap[pCut->uTruth] ] > 100 )
+//        return;
     clk = clock();
 /*
     for ( k = 0; k < 4; k++ )
@@ -643,10 +646,11 @@ void Dar_LibEval( Dar_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pRoot, Dar_Cut_t * pCut, int Requir
         Vec_PtrClear( p->vLeavesBest );
         for ( k = 0; k < 4; k++ )
             Vec_PtrPush( p->vLeavesBest, s_DarLib->pDatas[k].pFunc );
-        p->OutBest   = s_DarLib->pSubgr[Class][i];
-        p->LevelBest = s_DarLib->pDatas[pObj->Num].Level;
-        p->GainBest  = nNodesGained;
-        p->ClassBest = Class;
+        p->OutBest    = s_DarLib->pSubgr[Class][i];
+        p->OutNumBest = i;
+        p->LevelBest  = s_DarLib->pDatas[pObj->Num].Level;
+        p->GainBest   = nNodesGained;
+        p->ClassBest  = Class;
     }
 clk = clock() - clk;
 p->ClassTimes[Class] += clk;
diff --git a/src/aig/dar/darMan.c b/src/aig/dar/darMan.c
index da66043e..25b15e9c 100644
--- a/src/aig/dar/darMan.c
+++ b/src/aig/dar/darMan.c
@@ -79,6 +79,68 @@ Dar_Man_t * Dar_ManStart( int nNodesMax )
 
 /**Function*************************************************************
 
+  Synopsis    [Duplicates the AIG manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Dar_Man_t * Dar_ManStartFrom( Dar_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Man_t * pNew;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    // create the new manager
+    pNew = Dar_ManStart();
+    // create the PIs
+    Dar_ManConst1(p)->pData = Dar_ManConst1(pNew);
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p, pObj, i )
+        pObj->pData = Dar_ObjCreatePi(pNew);
+    return pNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Duplicates the AIG manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Dar_Man_t * Dar_ManDup( Dar_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Man_t * pNew;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    // create the new manager
+    pNew = Dar_ManStart();
+    // create the PIs
+    Dar_ManConst1(p)->pData = Dar_ManConst1(pNew);
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p, pObj, i )
+        pObj->pData = Dar_ObjCreatePi(pNew);
+    // duplicate internal nodes
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
+        if ( Dar_ObjIsBuf(pObj) )
+            pObj->pData = Dar_ObjChild0Copy(pObj);
+        else if ( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+            pObj->pData = Dar_And( pNew, Dar_ObjChild0Copy(pObj), Dar_ObjChild1Copy(pObj) );
+    // add the POs
+    Dar_ManForEachPo( p, pObj, i )
+        Dar_ObjCreatePo( pNew, Dar_ObjChild0Copy(pObj) );
+    // check the resulting network
+    if ( !Dar_ManCheck(pNew) )
+        printf( "Dar_ManDup(): The check has failed.\n" );
+    return pNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
   Synopsis    [Stops the AIG manager.]
 
   Description []
@@ -107,13 +169,6 @@ void Dar_ManStop( Dar_Man_t * p )
     if ( p->vRequired )   Vec_IntFree( p->vRequired );
     if ( p->vLeavesBest ) Vec_PtrFree( p->vLeavesBest );
     free( p->pTable );
-    // free CNF mapping data
-    if ( p->pSopSizes )
-    {
-        free( p->pSopSizes );
-        free( p->pSops[1] );
-        free( p->pSops );
-    }
     free( p );
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +240,8 @@ void Dar_ManPrintStats( Dar_Man_t * p )
 void Dar_ManPrintRuntime( Dar_Man_t * p )
 {
     int i, Gain;
-    printf( "Good cuts = %d. Bad cuts = %d.\n", p->nCutsGood, p->nCutsBad );
+    printf( "Good cuts = %d. Bad cuts = %d.  Cut mem = %d Mb\n", 
+        p->nCutsGood, p->nCutsBad, p->nCutMemUsed );
     PRT( "Cuts  ", p->timeCuts );
     PRT( "Eval  ", p->timeEval );
     PRT( "Other ", p->timeOther );
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fra.h b/src/aig/fra/fra.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41d8692d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fra.h
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fra.h]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [[New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    [External declarations.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fra.h,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __FRA_H__
+#define __FRA_H__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif 
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                          INCLUDES                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "vec.h"
+#include "dar.h"
+#include "satSolver.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                         PARAMETERS                               ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                         BASIC TYPES                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef struct Fra_Par_t_   Fra_Par_t;
+typedef struct Fra_Man_t_   Fra_Man_t;
+
+// FRAIG parameters
+struct Fra_Par_t_
+{
+    int              nSimWords;         // the number of words in the simulation info
+    double           dSimSatur;         // the ratio of refined classes when saturation is reached
+    int              fPatScores;        // enables simulation pattern scoring
+    int              MaxScore;          // max score after which resimulation is used
+    double           dActConeRatio;     // the ratio of cone to be bumped
+    double           dActConeBumpMax;   // the largest bump in activity
+    int              fSpeculate;        // use speculative reduction
+    int              fProve;            // prove the miter outputs
+    int              fVerbose;          // verbose output
+    int              fDoSparse;         // skip sparse functions
+    int              nBTLimitNode;      // conflict limit at a node
+    int              nBTLimitMiter;     // conflict limit at an output
+};
+
+// FRAIG manager
+struct Fra_Man_t_
+{
+    // high-level data    
+    Fra_Par_t *      pPars;             // parameters governing fraiging
+    // AIG managers
+    Dar_Man_t *      pManAig;           // the starting AIG manager
+    Dar_Man_t *      pManFraig;         // the final AIG manager
+    // simulation info
+    unsigned *       pSimWords;         // memory for simulation information
+    int              nSimWords;         // the number of simulation words
+    // counter example storage
+    int              nPatWords;         // the number of words in the counter example
+    unsigned *       pPatWords;         // the counter example
+    int *            pPatScores;        // the scores of each pattern
+    // equivalence classes 
+    Vec_Ptr_t *      vClasses;          // equivalence classes
+    Vec_Ptr_t *      vClasses1;         // equivalence class of Const1 node
+    Vec_Ptr_t *      vClassesTemp;      // temporary storage for new classes
+    Dar_Obj_t **     pMemClasses;       // memory allocated for equivalence classes
+    Dar_Obj_t **     pMemClassesFree;   // memory allocated for equivalence classes to be used
+    Vec_Ptr_t *      vClassOld;         // old equivalence class after splitting
+    Vec_Ptr_t *      vClassNew;         // new equivalence class(es) after splitting
+    int              nPairs;            // the number of pairs of nodes
+    // equivalence checking
+    sat_solver *     pSat;              // SAT solver
+    int              nSatVars;          // the number of variables currently used
+    Vec_Ptr_t *      vPiVars;           // the PIs of the cone used 
+    sint64           nBTLimitGlobal;    // resource limit
+    sint64           nInsLimitGlobal;   // resource limit
+    // various data members
+    Dar_Obj_t **     pMemFraig;         // memory allocated for points to the fraig nodes
+    Dar_Obj_t **     pMemRepr;          // memory allocated for points to the node representatives
+    Vec_Ptr_t **     pMemFanins;        // the arrays of fanins
+    int *            pMemSatNums;       // the array of SAT numbers
+    int              nSizeAlloc;        // allocated size of the arrays
+    // statistics
+    int              nSimRounds;
+    int              nNodesMiter;
+    int              nClassesZero;
+    int              nClassesBeg;
+    int              nClassesEnd;
+    int              nPairsBeg;
+    int              nPairsEnd;
+    int              nSatCalls;
+    int              nSatCallsSat;
+    int              nSatCallsUnsat;
+    int              nSatProof;
+    int              nSatFails;
+    int              nSatFailsReal;
+    // runtime
+    int              timeSim;
+    int              timeTrav;
+    int              timeSat;
+    int              timeSatUnsat;
+    int              timeSatSat;
+    int              timeSatFail;
+    int              timeRef;
+    int              timeTotal;
+    int              time1;
+    int              time2;
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                      MACRO DEFINITIONS                           ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static inline unsigned *   Fra_ObjSim( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )   { return ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pSimWords + ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->nSimWords * pObj->Id;  }
+static inline unsigned     Fra_ObjRandomSim()               { return (rand() << 24) ^ (rand() << 12) ^ rand(); }
+
+static inline Dar_Obj_t *  Fra_ObjFraig( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )                              { return ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemFraig[pObj->Id];       }
+static inline Dar_Obj_t *  Fra_ObjRepr( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )                               { return ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemRepr[pObj->Id];        }
+static inline Vec_Ptr_t *  Fra_ObjFaninVec( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )                           { return ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemFanins[pObj->Id];      }
+static inline int          Fra_ObjSatNum( Dar_Obj_t * pObj )                             { return ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemSatNums[pObj->Id];     }
+
+static inline Dar_Obj_t *  Fra_ObjChild0Fra( Dar_Obj_t * pObj ) { assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pObj) ); return Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)? Dar_NotCond(Fra_ObjFraig(Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)), Dar_ObjFaninC0(pObj)) : NULL;  }
+static inline Dar_Obj_t *  Fra_ObjChild1Fra( Dar_Obj_t * pObj ) { assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pObj) ); return Dar_ObjFanin1(pObj)? Dar_NotCond(Fra_ObjFraig(Dar_ObjFanin1(pObj)), Dar_ObjFaninC1(pObj)) : NULL;  }
+
+static inline void         Fra_ObjSetFraig( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Dar_Obj_t * pNode )        { ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemFraig[pObj->Id]   = pNode;    }
+static inline void         Fra_ObjSetRepr( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Dar_Obj_t * pNode )         { ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemRepr[pObj->Id]    = pNode;    }
+static inline void         Fra_ObjSetFaninVec( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vFanins )   { ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemFanins[pObj->Id]  = vFanins;  }
+static inline void         Fra_ObjSetSatNum( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, int Num )                 { ((Fra_Man_t *)pObj->pData)->pMemSatNums[pObj->Id] = Num;      }
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                         ITERATORS                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                    FUNCTION DECLARATIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*=== fraAnd.c ========================================================*/
+extern void                Fra_Sweep( Fra_Man_t * p );
+/*=== fraClass.c ========================================================*/
+extern void                Fra_CreateClasses( Fra_Man_t * p );
+extern int                 Fra_RefineClasses( Fra_Man_t * p );
+extern int                 Fra_RefineClasses1( Fra_Man_t * p );
+/*=== fraCnf.c ========================================================*/
+extern void                Fra_NodeAddToSolver( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pOld, Dar_Obj_t * pNew );
+/*=== fraCore.c ========================================================*/
+extern Dar_Man_t *         Fra_Perform( Dar_Man_t * pManAig, Fra_Par_t * pParams );
+/*=== fraMan.c ========================================================*/
+extern void                Fra_ParamsDefault( Fra_Par_t * pParams );
+extern Fra_Man_t *         Fra_ManStart( Dar_Man_t * pManAig, Fra_Par_t * pParams );
+extern void                Fra_ManStop( Fra_Man_t * p );
+extern void                Fra_ManPrint( Fra_Man_t * p );
+/*=== fraSat.c ========================================================*/
+extern int                 Fra_NodesAreEquiv( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pOld, Dar_Obj_t * pNew );
+extern int                 Fra_NodeIsConst( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pNew );
+/*=== fraSim.c ========================================================*/
+extern int                 Fra_NodeHasZeroSim( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj );
+extern int                 Fra_NodeCompareSims( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj0, Dar_Obj_t * pObj1 );
+extern void                Fra_SavePattern( Fra_Man_t * p );
+extern void                Fra_Simulate( Fra_Man_t * p );
+extern void                Fra_Resimulate( Fra_Man_t * p );
+extern int                 Fra_CheckOutputSims( Fra_Man_t * p );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fraAnd.c b/src/aig/fra/fraAnd.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..333ef1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fraAnd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fraAnd.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Fraig FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fraAnd.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs fraiging for one node.]
+
+  Description [Returns the fraiged node.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Dar_Obj_t * Fra_And( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObjOld )
+{ 
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObjOldRepr, * pObjFraig, * pFanin0Fraig, * pFanin1Fraig, * pObjOldReprFraig;
+    int RetValue;
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pObjOld) );
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObjOld) );
+    // get the fraiged fanins
+    pFanin0Fraig = Fra_ObjChild0Fra(pObjOld);
+    pFanin1Fraig = Fra_ObjChild1Fra(pObjOld);
+    // get the fraiged node
+    pObjFraig = Dar_And( p->pManFraig, pFanin0Fraig, pFanin1Fraig );
+    // get representative of this class
+    pObjOldRepr = Fra_ObjRepr(pObjOld);
+    if ( pObjOldRepr == NULL || // this is a unique node
+       (!p->pPars->fDoSparse && pObjOldRepr == Dar_ManConst1(p->pManAig)) ) // this is a sparse node
+    {
+        assert( Dar_Regular(pFanin0Fraig) != Dar_Regular(pFanin1Fraig) );
+        assert( pObjFraig != Dar_Regular(pFanin0Fraig) );
+        assert( pObjFraig != Dar_Regular(pFanin1Fraig) );
+        return pObjFraig;
+    }
+    // get the fraiged representative
+    pObjOldReprFraig = Fra_ObjFraig(pObjOldRepr);
+    // if the fraiged nodes are the same, return
+    if ( Dar_Regular(pObjFraig) == Dar_Regular(pObjOldReprFraig) )
+        return pObjFraig;
+    assert( Dar_Regular(pObjFraig) != Dar_ManConst1(p->pManFraig) );
+    // if they are proved different, the c-ex will be in p->pPatWords
+    RetValue = Fra_NodesAreEquiv( p, Dar_Regular(pObjOldReprFraig), Dar_Regular(pObjFraig) );
+    if ( RetValue == 1 )  // proved equivalent
+    {
+        pObjOld->fMarkA = 1;
+        return Dar_NotCond( pObjOldReprFraig, pObjOld->fPhase ^ pObjOldRepr->fPhase );
+    }
+    if ( RetValue == -1 ) // failed
+    {
+        if ( !p->pPars->fSpeculate )
+            return pObjFraig;
+        // substitute the node
+        pObjOld->fMarkB = 1;
+        return Dar_NotCond( pObjOldReprFraig, pObjOld->fPhase ^ pObjOldRepr->fPhase );
+    }
+    // simulate the counter-example and return the Fraig node
+    Fra_Resimulate( p );
+    return pObjFraig;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs fraiging for the internal nodes.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_Sweep( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj, * pObjNew;
+    int i, k = 0;
+p->nClassesZero = Vec_PtrSize(p->vClasses1);
+p->nClassesBeg  = Vec_PtrSize(p->vClasses);
+    // duplicate internal nodes
+//    p->pProgress = Extra_ProgressBarStart( stdout, Dar_ManNodeNum(p->pManAig) );
+    Dar_ManForEachNode( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+//        Extra_ProgressBarUpdate( p->pProgress, k++, NULL );
+        // default to simple strashing if simulation detected a counter-example for a PO
+        if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+            pObjNew = Dar_And( p->pManFraig, Fra_ObjChild0Fra(pObj), Fra_ObjChild1Fra(pObj) );
+        else
+            pObjNew = Fra_And( p, pObj ); // pObjNew can be complemented
+        assert( Fra_ObjFraig(pObj) != NULL );
+        Fra_ObjSetFraig( pObj, pObjNew );
+    }
+//    Extra_ProgressBarStop( p->pProgress );
+p->nClassesEnd = Vec_PtrSize(p->vClasses);
+    // try to prove the outputs of the miter
+    p->nNodesMiter = Dar_ManNodeNum(p->pManFraig);
+//    Fra_MiterStatus( p->pManFraig );
+//    if ( p->pPars->fProve && p->pManFraig->pData == NULL )
+//        Fra_MiterProve( p );
+    // add the POs
+    Dar_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Dar_ObjCreatePo( p->pManFraig, Fra_ObjChild0Fra(pObj) );
+    // remove dangling nodes 
+    Dar_ManCleanup( p->pManFraig );
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fraClass.c b/src/aig/fra/fraClass.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f2fc165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fraClass.c
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fraClass.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fraClass.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+/*
+    The candidate equivalence classes are stored as a vector of pointers 
+    to the array of pointers to the nodes in each class.
+    The first node of the class is its representative node.
+    The representative has the smallest topological order among the class nodes.
+    The classes are ordered according to the topological order of their representatives.
+    The array of pointers to the class nodes is terminated with a NULL pointer.
+    To enable dynamic addition of new classes (during class refinement),
+    each array has at least as many NULLs in the end, as there are nodes in the class.
+*/
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Count the number of pairs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_CountPairsClasses( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t ** pClass;
+    int i, nNodes, nPairs = 0;
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vClasses, pClass, i )
+    {
+        for ( nNodes = 0; pClass[nNodes]; nNodes++ )
+        {
+            if ( nNodes > DAR_INFINITY )
+            {
+                printf( "Error in equivalence classes.\n" );
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        nPairs += (nNodes - 1) * (nNodes - 2) / 2;
+    }
+    return nPairs;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes hash value using simulation info.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Fra_NodeHash( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    static int s_FPrimes[128] = { 
+        1009, 1049, 1093, 1151, 1201, 1249, 1297, 1361, 1427, 1459, 
+        1499, 1559, 1607, 1657, 1709, 1759, 1823, 1877, 1933, 1997, 
+        2039, 2089, 2141, 2213, 2269, 2311, 2371, 2411, 2467, 2543, 
+        2609, 2663, 2699, 2741, 2797, 2851, 2909, 2969, 3037, 3089, 
+        3169, 3221, 3299, 3331, 3389, 3461, 3517, 3557, 3613, 3671, 
+        3719, 3779, 3847, 3907, 3943, 4013, 4073, 4129, 4201, 4243, 
+        4289, 4363, 4441, 4493, 4549, 4621, 4663, 4729, 4793, 4871, 
+        4933, 4973, 5021, 5087, 5153, 5227, 5281, 5351, 5417, 5471, 
+        5519, 5573, 5651, 5693, 5749, 5821, 5861, 5923, 6011, 6073, 
+        6131, 6199, 6257, 6301, 6353, 6397, 6481, 6563, 6619, 6689, 
+        6737, 6803, 6863, 6917, 6977, 7027, 7109, 7187, 7237, 7309, 
+        7393, 7477, 7523, 7561, 7607, 7681, 7727, 7817, 7877, 7933, 
+        8011, 8039, 8059, 8081, 8093, 8111, 8123, 8147
+    };
+    unsigned * pSims;
+    unsigned uHash;
+    int i;
+    assert( p->nSimWords <= 128 );
+    uHash = 0;
+    pSims  = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        uHash ^= pSims[i] * s_FPrimes[i];
+    return uHash;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the next prime &gt;= p.]
+
+  Description [Copied from CUDD, for stand-aloneness.]
+
+  SideEffects [None]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+unsigned int Cudd_PrimeFra( unsigned int p )
+{
+    int i,pn;
+
+    p--;
+    do {
+        p++;
+        if (p&1) {
+        pn = 1;
+        i = 3;
+        while ((unsigned) (i * i) <= p) {
+        if (p % i == 0) {
+            pn = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+        i += 2;
+        }
+    } else {
+        pn = 0;
+    }
+    } while (!pn);
+    return(p);
+
+} /* end of Cudd_Prime */
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates initial simulation classes.]
+
+  Description [Assumes that simulation info is assigned.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_CreateClasses( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t ** pTable;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, k, k2, nTableSize, nEntries, iEntry;
+    // allocate the table
+    nTableSize = Cudd_PrimeFra( Dar_ManNodeNum(p->pManAig) );
+    pTable = ALLOC( Dar_Obj_t *, nTableSize ); 
+    memset( pTable, 0, sizeof(Dar_Obj_t *) * nTableSize );
+    // collect nodes into the table
+    Vec_PtrClear( p->vClasses1 );
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( !Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) && !Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+            continue;
+        // hash the node by its simulation info
+        iEntry = Fra_NodeHash( p, pObj ) % nTableSize;
+        // check if the node belongs to the class of constant 1
+        if ( iEntry == 0 && Fra_NodeHasZeroSim( p, pObj ) )
+        {
+            Vec_PtrPush( p->vClasses1, pObj );
+            continue;
+        }
+        // add the node to the table
+        pObj->pData = pTable[iEntry];
+        pTable[iEntry] = pObj;
+    }
+    // count the total number of nodes in the non-trivial classes
+    nEntries = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nTableSize; i++ )
+        if ( pTable[i] && pTable[i]->pData )
+        {
+            k = 0;
+            for ( pObj = pTable[i]; pObj; pObj = pObj->pData )
+                k++;
+            nEntries += 2*k;
+        }
+    // allocate room for classes
+    p->pMemClasses = ALLOC( Dar_Obj_t *, nEntries + 2*Vec_PtrSize(p->vClasses1) );
+    p->pMemClassesFree = p->pMemClasses + nEntries;
+    // copy the entries into storage
+    Vec_PtrClear( p->vClasses );
+    nEntries = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nTableSize; i++ )
+        if ( pTable[i] && pTable[i]->pData )
+        {
+            k = 0;
+            for ( pObj = pTable[i]; pObj; pObj = pObj->pData )
+                k++;
+            // write entries in the topological order
+            k2 = k;
+            for ( pObj = pTable[i]; pObj; pObj = pObj->pData )
+            {
+                k2--;
+                p->pMemClasses[nEntries+k2] = pObj;
+                p->pMemClasses[nEntries+k+k2] = NULL;
+            }
+            assert( k2 == 0 );
+            Vec_PtrPush( p->vClasses, p->pMemClasses + nEntries );
+            nEntries += 2*k;
+        }
+    free( pTable );
+    // now it is time to refine the classes
+    Fra_RefineClasses( p );
+    // set the pointer to the manager
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        pObj->pData = p->pManAig;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Refines one class using simulation info.]
+
+  Description [Returns the new class if refinement happened.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Dar_Obj_t ** Fra_RefineClassOne( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t ** pClass )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    assert( pClass[1] != NULL );
+    // check if the class is going to be refined
+    for ( pObj = pClass[1]; pObj; pObj++ )        
+        if ( !Fra_NodeCompareSims(p, pClass[0], pObj) )
+            break;
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+        return NULL;
+    // split the class
+    Vec_PtrClear( p->vClassOld );
+    Vec_PtrClear( p->vClassNew );
+    Vec_PtrPush( p->vClassOld, pClass[0] );
+    for ( pObj = pClass[1]; pObj; pObj++ )        
+        if ( Fra_NodeCompareSims(p, pClass[0], pObj) )
+            Vec_PtrPush( p->vClassOld, pObj );
+        else
+            Vec_PtrPush( p->vClassNew, pObj );
+    // put the nodes back into the class memory
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vClassOld, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pClass[i] = pObj;
+        pClass[Vec_PtrSize(p->vClassOld)+i] = NULL;
+    }
+    pClass += 2*Vec_PtrSize(p->vClassOld);
+    // put the new nodes into the class memory
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vClassNew, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pClass[i] = pObj;
+        pClass[Vec_PtrSize(p->vClassNew)+i] = NULL;
+    }
+    return pClass;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Iteratively refines the classes after simulation.]
+
+  Description [Returns the number of refinements performed.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_RefineClassLastIter( Fra_Man_t * p, Vec_Ptr_t * vClasses )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t ** pClass, ** pClass2;
+    int nRefis;
+    pClass = Vec_PtrEntryLast( vClasses );
+    for ( nRefis = 0; pClass2 = Fra_RefineClassOne( p, pClass ); nRefis++ )
+    {
+        // if the original class is trivial, remove it
+        if ( pClass[1] == NULL )
+            Vec_PtrPop( vClasses );
+        // if the new class is trivial, stop
+        if ( pClass2[1] == NULL )
+            break;
+        // othewise, add the class and continue
+        Vec_PtrPush( vClasses, pClass2 );
+        pClass = pClass2;
+    }
+    return nRefis;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Refines the classes after simulation.]
+
+  Description [Assumes that simulation info is assigned. Returns the
+  number of classes refined.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_RefineClasses( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vTemp;
+    Dar_Obj_t ** pClass;
+    int clk, i, nRefis = 0;
+    // check if some outputs already became non-constant
+    // this is a special case when computation can be stopped!!!
+    if ( p->pPars->fProve )
+        Fra_CheckOutputSims( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+        return 0;
+    // refine the classes
+clk = clock();
+    Vec_PtrClear( p->vClassesTemp );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vClasses, pClass, i )
+    {
+        // add the class to the new array
+        Vec_PtrPush( p->vClassesTemp, pClass );
+        // refine the class interatively
+        nRefis += Fra_RefineClassLastIter( p, p->vClassesTemp );
+    }
+    // exchange the class representation
+    vTemp = p->vClassesTemp;
+    p->vClassesTemp = p->vClasses;
+    p->vClasses = vTemp;
+p->timeRef += clock() - clk;
+    return nRefis;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Refines constant 1 equivalence class.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_RefineClasses1( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj, ** pClass;
+    int i, k;
+    // collect all the nodes to be refined
+    Vec_PtrClear( p->vClassNew );
+    k = 0;
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vClasses1, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( Fra_NodeHasZeroSim( p, pObj ) )
+            Vec_PtrWriteEntry( p->vClasses1, k++, pObj );
+        else 
+            Vec_PtrPush( p->vClassNew, pObj );
+    }
+    Vec_PtrShrink( p->vClasses1, k );
+    if ( Vec_PtrSize(p->vClassNew) == 0 )
+        return 0;
+    if ( Vec_PtrSize(p->vClassNew) == 1 )
+        return 1;
+    // create a new class composed of these nodes
+    pClass = p->pMemClassesFree;
+    p->pMemClassesFree += 2 * Vec_PtrSize(p->vClassNew);
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vClassNew, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pClass[i] = pObj;
+        pClass[Vec_PtrSize(p->vClassNew)+i] = NULL;
+    }
+    Vec_PtrPush( p->vClasses, pClass );
+    // iteratively refine this class
+    return 1 + Fra_RefineClassLastIter( p, p->vClasses );
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fraCnf.c b/src/aig/fra/fraCnf.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18a5ceb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fraCnf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fraCnf.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fraCnf.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Addes clauses to the solver.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_AddClausesMux( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pNode )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pNodeI, * pNodeT, * pNodeE;
+    int pLits[4], RetValue, VarF, VarI, VarT, VarE, fCompT, fCompE;
+
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement( pNode ) );
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsMuxType( pNode ) );
+    // get nodes (I = if, T = then, E = else)
+    pNodeI = Dar_ObjRecognizeMux( pNode, &pNodeT, &pNodeE );
+    // get the variable numbers
+    VarF = Fra_ObjSatNum(pNode);
+    VarI = Fra_ObjSatNum(pNodeI);
+    VarT = Fra_ObjSatNum(Dar_Regular(pNodeT));
+    VarE = Fra_ObjSatNum(Dar_Regular(pNodeE));
+    // get the complementation flags
+    fCompT = Dar_IsComplement(pNodeT);
+    fCompE = Dar_IsComplement(pNodeE);
+
+    // f = ITE(i, t, e)
+
+    // i' + t' + f
+    // i' + t  + f'
+    // i  + e' + f
+    // i  + e  + f'
+
+    // create four clauses
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 1);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarT, 1^fCompT);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 1);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarT, 0^fCompT);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 1);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 0);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 1^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 0);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 0^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 1);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+
+    // two additional clauses
+    // t' & e' -> f'
+    // t  & e  -> f 
+
+    // t  + e   + f'
+    // t' + e'  + f 
+
+    if ( VarT == VarE )
+    {
+//        assert( fCompT == !fCompE );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarT, 0^fCompT);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 0^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 1);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarT, 1^fCompT);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 1^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Addes clauses to the solver.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_AddClausesSuper( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pNode, Vec_Ptr_t * vSuper )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pFanin;
+    int * pLits, nLits, RetValue, i;
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pNode) );
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsNode( pNode ) );
+    // create storage for literals
+    nLits = Vec_PtrSize(vSuper) + 1;
+    pLits = ALLOC( int, nLits );
+    // suppose AND-gate is A & B = C
+    // add !A => !C   or   A + !C
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vSuper, pFanin, i )
+    {
+        pLits[0] = toLitCond(Fra_ObjSatNum(Dar_Regular(pFanin)), Dar_IsComplement(pFanin));
+        pLits[1] = toLitCond(Fra_ObjSatNum(pNode), 1);
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+    }
+    // add A & B => C   or   !A + !B + C
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vSuper, pFanin, i )
+        pLits[i] = toLitCond(Fra_ObjSatNum(Dar_Regular(pFanin)), !Dar_IsComplement(pFanin));
+    pLits[nLits-1] = toLitCond(Fra_ObjSatNum(pNode), 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + nLits );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    free( pLits );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Collects the supergate.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_CollectSuper_rec( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vSuper, int fFirst, int fUseMuxes )
+{
+    // if the new node is complemented or a PI, another gate begins
+    if ( Dar_IsComplement(pObj) || Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) || (!fFirst && Dar_ObjRefs(pObj) > 1) || 
+         (fUseMuxes && Dar_ObjIsMuxType(pObj)) )
+    {
+        Vec_PtrPushUnique( vSuper, pObj );
+        return;
+    }
+    // go through the branches
+    Fra_CollectSuper_rec( Dar_ObjChild0(pObj), vSuper, 0, fUseMuxes );
+    Fra_CollectSuper_rec( Dar_ObjChild1(pObj), vSuper, 0, fUseMuxes );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Collects the supergate.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Vec_Ptr_t * Fra_CollectSuper( Dar_Obj_t * pObj, int fUseMuxes )
+{
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vSuper;
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    assert( !Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) );
+    vSuper = Vec_PtrAlloc( 4 );
+    Fra_CollectSuper_rec( pObj, vSuper, 1, fUseMuxes );
+    return vSuper;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Updates the solver clause database.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_ObjAddToFrontier( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vFrontier )
+{
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    if ( Fra_ObjSatNum(pObj) )
+        return;
+    assert( Fra_ObjSatNum(pObj) == 0 );
+    assert( Fra_ObjFaninVec(pObj) == NULL );
+    if ( Dar_ObjIsConst1(pObj) )
+        return;
+//printf( "Assigning node %d number %d\n", pObj->Id, p->nSatVars );
+    Fra_ObjSetSatNum( pObj, p->nSatVars++ );
+    if ( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+        Vec_PtrPush( vFrontier, pObj );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Updates the solver clause database.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_NodeAddToSolver( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pOld, Dar_Obj_t * pNew )
+{ 
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vFrontier, * vFanins;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pNode, * pFanin;
+    int i, k, fUseMuxes = 1;
+    assert( pOld || pNew );
+    // quit if CNF is ready
+    if ( (!pOld || Fra_ObjFaninVec(pOld)) && (!pNew || Fra_ObjFaninVec(pNew)) )
+        return;
+    // start the frontier
+    vFrontier = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    if ( pOld ) Fra_ObjAddToFrontier( p, pOld, vFrontier );
+    if ( pNew ) Fra_ObjAddToFrontier( p, pNew, vFrontier );
+    // explore nodes in the frontier
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFrontier, pNode, i )
+    {
+        // create the supergate
+        assert( Fra_ObjSatNum(pNode) );
+        assert( Fra_ObjFaninVec(pNode) == NULL );
+        if ( fUseMuxes && Dar_ObjIsMuxType(pNode) )
+        {
+            vFanins = Vec_PtrAlloc( 4 );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Dar_ObjFanin0( Dar_ObjFanin0(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Dar_ObjFanin0( Dar_ObjFanin1(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Dar_ObjFanin1( Dar_ObjFanin0(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Dar_ObjFanin1( Dar_ObjFanin1(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFanins, pFanin, k )
+                Fra_ObjAddToFrontier( p, Dar_Regular(pFanin), vFrontier );
+            Fra_AddClausesMux( p, pNode );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            vFanins = Fra_CollectSuper( pNode, fUseMuxes );
+            Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFanins, pFanin, k )
+                Fra_ObjAddToFrontier( p, Dar_Regular(pFanin), vFrontier );
+            Fra_AddClausesSuper( p, pNode, vFanins );
+        }
+        assert( Vec_PtrSize(vFanins) > 1 );
+        Fra_ObjSetFaninVec( pNode, vFanins );
+    }
+    Vec_PtrFree( vFrontier );
+}
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fraCore.c b/src/aig/fra/fraCore.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fdd1b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fraCore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fraCore.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fraCore.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs fraiging of the AIG.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Dar_Man_t * Fra_Perform( Dar_Man_t * pManAig, Fra_Par_t * pPars )
+{
+    Fra_Man_t * p;
+    Dar_Man_t * pManAigNew;
+    int clk;
+    if ( Dar_ManNodeNum(pManAig) == 0 )
+        return Dar_ManDup(pManAig);
+clk = clock();
+    assert( Dar_ManLatchNum(pManAig) == 0 );
+    p = Fra_ManStart( pManAig, pPars );
+    Fra_Simulate( p );
+    Fra_Sweep( p );
+    pManAigNew = p->pManFraig;
+p->timeTotal = clock() - clk;
+    Fra_ManStop( p );
+    return pManAigNew;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fraMan.c b/src/aig/fra/fraMan.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cccd1d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fraMan.c
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fraMan.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Starts the FRAIG manager.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fraMan.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Sets the default solving parameters.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_ParamsDefault( Fra_Par_t * pPars )
+{
+    memset( pPars, 0, sizeof(Fra_Par_t) );
+    pPars->nSimWords        =      32;  // the number of words in the simulation info
+    pPars->dSimSatur        =   0.005;  // the ratio of refined classes when saturation is reached
+    pPars->fPatScores       =       0;  // enables simulation pattern scoring
+    pPars->MaxScore         =      25;  // max score after which resimulation is used
+    pPars->fDoSparse        =       1;  // skips sparse functions
+//    pPars->dActConeRatio    =    0.05;  // the ratio of cone to be bumped
+//    pPars->dActConeBumpMax  =     5.0;  // the largest bump of activity
+    pPars->dActConeRatio    =     0.3;  // the ratio of cone to be bumped
+    pPars->dActConeBumpMax  =    10.0;  // the largest bump of activity
+    pPars->nBTLimitNode     =     100;  // conflict limit at a node
+    pPars->nBTLimitMiter    =  500000;  // conflict limit at an output
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Starts the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Fra_Man_t * Fra_ManStart( Dar_Man_t * pManAig, Fra_Par_t * pPars )
+{
+    Fra_Man_t * p;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    // allocate the fraiging manager
+    p = ALLOC( Fra_Man_t, 1 );
+    memset( p, 0, sizeof(Fra_Man_t) );
+    p->pPars      = pPars;
+    p->pManAig    = pManAig;
+    p->pManFraig  = Dar_ManStartFrom( pManAig );
+    assert( Dar_ManPiNum(p->pManAig) == Dar_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+    // allocate simulation info
+    p->nSimWords  = pPars->nSimWords;
+    p->pSimWords  = ALLOC( unsigned, (Dar_ManObjIdMax(pManAig) + 1) * p->nSimWords );
+    // clean simulation info of the constant node
+    memset( p->pSimWords, 0, p->nSimWords * sizeof(unsigned) );
+    // allocate storage for sim pattern
+    p->nPatWords  = Dar_BitWordNum( Dar_ManPiNum(pManAig) );
+    p->pPatWords  = ALLOC( unsigned, p->nPatWords ); 
+    p->pPatScores = ALLOC( int, 32 * p->nSimWords ); 
+    p->vPiVars    = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    p->vClasses   = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    // allocate other members
+    p->nSizeAlloc = Dar_ManObjIdMax(pManAig) + 1;
+    p->pMemFraig  = ALLOC( Dar_Obj_t *, p->nSizeAlloc );
+    memset( p->pMemFraig, 0, p->nSizeAlloc * sizeof(Dar_Obj_t *) );
+    p->pMemRepr  = ALLOC( Dar_Obj_t *, p->nSizeAlloc );
+    memset( p->pMemRepr, 0, p->nSizeAlloc * sizeof(Dar_Obj_t *) );
+    p->pMemFanins  = ALLOC( Vec_Ptr_t *, p->nSizeAlloc );
+    memset( p->pMemFanins, 0, p->nSizeAlloc * sizeof(Vec_Ptr_t *) );
+    p->pMemSatNums  = ALLOC( int, p->nSizeAlloc );
+    memset( p->pMemSatNums, 0xff, p->nSizeAlloc * sizeof(int) );
+    // set the pointers to the available fraig nodes
+    Fra_ObjSetFraig( Dar_ManConst1(p->pManAig), Dar_ManConst1(p->pManFraig) );
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Fra_ObjSetFraig( pObj, Dar_ManPi(p->pManFraig, i) );
+    // set the pointers to the manager
+    Dar_ManForEachObj( p->pManFraig, pObj, i )
+        pObj->pData = p->pManFraig;
+    // set random number generator
+    srand( 0xABCABC );
+    return p;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Stops the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_ManStop( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    int i;
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSizeAlloc; i++ )
+        if ( p->pMemFanins[i] )
+            Vec_PtrFree( p->pMemFanins[i] );
+    if ( p->pPars->fVerbose )
+        Fra_ManPrint( p );
+    if ( p->vClassesTemp ) Vec_PtrFree( p->vClassesTemp );
+    if ( p->vClassNew )    Vec_PtrFree( p->vClassNew );
+    if ( p->vClassOld )    Vec_PtrFree( p->vClassOld );
+    if ( p->vClasses1 )    Vec_PtrFree( p->vClasses1 );
+    if ( p->vClasses )     Vec_PtrFree( p->vClasses );
+    if ( p->vPiVars )      Vec_PtrFree( p->vPiVars );
+    if ( p->pSat )         sat_solver_delete( p->pSat );
+    FREE( p->pMemSatNums );
+    FREE( p->pMemFanins );
+    FREE( p->pMemRepr );
+    FREE( p->pMemFraig );
+    FREE( p->pMemClasses );
+    FREE( p->pPatScores );
+    FREE( p->pPatWords );
+    FREE( p->pSimWords );
+    free( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints stats for the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_ManPrint( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    double nMemory = 1.0*Dar_ManObjIdMax(p->pManAig)*((p->nSimWords+2)*sizeof(unsigned)+6*sizeof(void*))/(1<<20);
+    printf( "SimWords = %d. Rounds = %d. Mem = %0.2f Mb.  ", p->nSimWords, p->nSimRounds, nMemory );
+    printf( "Classes: Beg = %d. End = %d.\n", p->nClassesBeg, p->nClassesEnd );
+    printf( "Limits: BTNode = %d. BTMiter = %d.\n", p->pPars->nBTLimitNode, p->pPars->nBTLimitMiter );
+    printf( "Proof = %d. Counter-example = %d. Fail = %d. FailReal = %d. Zero = %d.\n", 
+        p->nSatProof, p->nSatCallsSat, p->nSatFails, p->nSatFailsReal, p->nClassesZero );
+    printf( "Final = %d. Miter = %d. Total = %d. Mux = %d. (Exor = %d.) SatVars = %d.\n", 
+        Dar_ManNodeNum(p->pManFraig), p->nNodesMiter, Dar_ManNodeNum(p->pManAig), 0, 0, p->nSatVars );
+    if ( p->pSat ) Sat_SolverPrintStats( stdout, p->pSat );
+    PRT( "AIG simulation  ", p->timeSim  );
+    PRT( "AIG traversal   ", p->timeTrav  );
+    PRT( "SAT solving     ", p->timeSat   );
+    PRT( "    Unsat       ", p->timeSatUnsat );
+    PRT( "    Sat         ", p->timeSatSat   );
+    PRT( "    Fail        ", p->timeSatFail  );
+    PRT( "Class refining  ", p->timeRef   );
+    PRT( "TOTAL RUNTIME   ", p->timeTotal );
+    if ( p->time1 ) { PRT( "time1           ", p->time1 ); }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fraSat.c b/src/aig/fra/fraSat.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c72c807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fraSat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fraSat.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fraSat.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static int Fra_SetActivityFactors( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pOld, Dar_Obj_t * pNew );
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Runs equivalence test for the two nodes.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_NodesAreEquiv( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pOld, Dar_Obj_t * pNew )
+{
+    int pLits[4], RetValue, RetValue1, nBTLimit, clk, clk2 = clock();
+
+    // make sure the nodes are not complemented
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pNew) );
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pOld) );
+    assert( pNew != pOld );
+
+    // if at least one of the nodes is a failed node, perform adjustments:
+    // if the backtrack limit is small, simply skip this node
+    // if the backtrack limit is > 10, take the quare root of the limit
+    nBTLimit = p->pPars->nBTLimitNode;
+/*
+    if ( nBTLimit > 0 && (pOld->fFailTfo || pNew->fFailTfo) )
+    {
+        p->nSatFails++;
+        // fail immediately
+//        return -1;
+        if ( nBTLimit <= 10 )
+            return -1;
+        nBTLimit = (int)pow(nBTLimit, 0.7);
+    }
+*/
+    p->nSatCalls++;
+
+    // make sure the solver is allocated and has enough variables
+    if ( p->pSat == NULL )
+    {
+        p->pSat = sat_solver_new();
+        p->nSatVars = 1;
+        sat_solver_setnvars( p->pSat, 1000 );
+    }
+
+    // if the nodes do not have SAT variables, allocate them
+    Fra_NodeAddToSolver( p, pOld, pNew );
+
+    // prepare variable activity
+    Fra_SetActivityFactors( p, pOld, pNew ); 
+
+    // solve under assumptions
+    // A = 1; B = 0     OR     A = 1; B = 1 
+clk = clock();
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond( Fra_ObjSatNum(pOld), 0 );
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond( Fra_ObjSatNum(pNew), pOld->fPhase == pNew->fPhase );
+//Sat_SolverWriteDimacs( p->pSat, "temp.cnf", pLits, pLits + 2, 1 );
+    RetValue1 = sat_solver_solve( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2, 
+        (sint64)nBTLimit, (sint64)0, 
+        p->nBTLimitGlobal, p->nInsLimitGlobal );
+p->timeSat += clock() - clk;
+    if ( RetValue1 == l_False )
+    {
+p->timeSatUnsat += clock() - clk;
+        pLits[0] = lit_neg( pLits[0] );
+        pLits[1] = lit_neg( pLits[1] );
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+        // continue solving the other implication
+        p->nSatCallsUnsat++;
+    }
+    else if ( RetValue1 == l_True )
+    {
+p->timeSatSat += clock() - clk;
+        Fra_SavePattern( p );
+        p->nSatCallsSat++;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else // if ( RetValue1 == l_Undef )
+    {
+p->timeSatFail += clock() - clk;
+        // mark the node as the failed node
+//        if ( pOld != p->pManFraig->pConst1 ) 
+//            pOld->fFailTfo = 1;
+//        pNew->fFailTfo = 1;
+        p->nSatFailsReal++;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // if the old node was constant 0, we already know the answer
+    if ( pOld == p->pManFraig->pConst1 )
+    {
+        p->nSatProof++;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // solve under assumptions
+    // A = 0; B = 1     OR     A = 0; B = 0 
+clk = clock();
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond( Fra_ObjSatNum(pOld), 1 );
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond( Fra_ObjSatNum(pNew), pOld->fPhase ^ pNew->fPhase );
+    RetValue1 = sat_solver_solve( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2, 
+        (sint64)nBTLimit, (sint64)0, 
+        p->nBTLimitGlobal, p->nInsLimitGlobal );
+p->timeSat += clock() - clk;
+    if ( RetValue1 == l_False )
+    {
+p->timeSatUnsat += clock() - clk;
+        pLits[0] = lit_neg( pLits[0] );
+        pLits[1] = lit_neg( pLits[1] );
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+        p->nSatCallsUnsat++;
+    }
+    else if ( RetValue1 == l_True )
+    {
+p->timeSatSat += clock() - clk;
+        Fra_SavePattern( p );
+        p->nSatCallsSat++;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else // if ( RetValue1 == l_Undef )
+    {
+p->timeSatFail += clock() - clk;
+        // mark the node as the failed node
+//        pOld->fFailTfo = 1;
+//        pNew->fFailTfo = 1;
+        p->nSatFailsReal++;
+        return -1;
+    }
+/*
+    // check BDD proof
+    {
+        int RetVal;
+        PRT( "Sat", clock() - clk2 );
+        clk2 = clock();
+        RetVal = Fra_NodesAreEquivBdd( pOld, pNew );
+//        printf( "%d ", RetVal );
+        assert( RetVal );
+        PRT( "Bdd", clock() - clk2 );
+        printf( "\n" );
+    }
+*/
+    // return SAT proof
+    p->nSatProof++;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Runs equivalence test for one node.]
+
+  Description [Returns the fraiged node.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_NodeIsConst( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pNew )
+{
+    int pLits[2], RetValue1, RetValue, clk;
+
+    // make sure the nodes are not complemented
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pNew) );
+    assert( pNew != p->pManFraig->pConst1 );
+    p->nSatCalls++;
+
+    // make sure the solver is allocated and has enough variables
+    if ( p->pSat == NULL )
+    {
+        p->pSat = sat_solver_new();
+        p->nSatVars = 1;
+        sat_solver_setnvars( p->pSat, 1000 );
+    }
+
+    // if the nodes do not have SAT variables, allocate them
+    Fra_NodeAddToSolver( p, NULL, pNew );
+
+    // prepare variable activity
+    Fra_SetActivityFactors( p, NULL, pNew ); 
+
+    // solve under assumptions
+clk = clock();
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond( Fra_ObjSatNum(pNew), pNew->fPhase );
+    RetValue1 = sat_solver_solve( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 1, 
+        (sint64)p->pPars->nBTLimitMiter, (sint64)0, 
+        p->nBTLimitGlobal, p->nInsLimitGlobal );
+p->timeSat += clock() - clk;
+    if ( RetValue1 == l_False )
+    {
+p->timeSatUnsat += clock() - clk;
+        pLits[0] = lit_neg( pLits[0] );
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 1 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+        // continue solving the other implication
+        p->nSatCallsUnsat++;
+    }
+    else if ( RetValue1 == l_True )
+    {
+p->timeSatSat += clock() - clk;
+        if ( p->pPatWords )
+            Fra_SavePattern( p );
+        p->nSatCallsSat++;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else // if ( RetValue1 == l_Undef )
+    {
+p->timeSatFail += clock() - clk;
+        // mark the node as the failed node
+//        pNew->fFailTfo = 1;
+        p->nSatFailsReal++;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // return SAT proof
+    p->nSatProof++;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Sets variable activities in the cone.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_SetActivityFactors_rec( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj, int LevelMin, int LevelMax )
+{
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vFanins;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pFanin;
+    int i, Counter = 0;
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    assert( Fra_ObjSatNum(pObj) );
+    // skip visited variables
+    if ( Dar_ObjIsTravIdCurrent(p->pManFraig, pObj) )
+        return 0;
+    Dar_ObjSetTravIdCurrent(p->pManFraig, pObj);
+    // add the PI to the list
+    if ( pObj->Level <= (unsigned)LevelMin || Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) )
+        return 0;
+    // set the factor of this variable
+    // (LevelMax-LevelMin) / (pObj->Level-LevelMin) = p->pPars->dActConeBumpMax / ThisBump
+    p->pSat->factors[Fra_ObjSatNum(pObj)] = p->pPars->dActConeBumpMax * (pObj->Level - LevelMin)/(LevelMax - LevelMin);
+    veci_push(&p->pSat->act_vars, Fra_ObjSatNum(pObj));
+    // explore the fanins
+    vFanins = Fra_ObjFaninVec( pObj );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFanins, pFanin, i )
+        Counter += Fra_SetActivityFactors_rec( p, Dar_Regular(pFanin), LevelMin, LevelMax );
+    return 1 + Counter;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Sets variable activities in the cone.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_SetActivityFactors( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pOld, Dar_Obj_t * pNew )
+{
+    int clk, LevelMin, LevelMax;
+    assert( pOld || pNew );
+clk = clock(); 
+    // reset the active variables
+    veci_resize(&p->pSat->act_vars, 0);
+    // prepare for traversal
+    Dar_ManIncrementTravId( p->pManFraig );
+    // determine the min and max level to visit
+    assert( p->pPars->dActConeRatio > 0 && p->pPars->dActConeRatio < 1 );
+    LevelMax = DAR_MAX( (pNew ? pNew->Level : 0), (pOld ? pOld->Level : 0) );
+    LevelMin = (int)(LevelMax * (1.0 - p->pPars->dActConeRatio));
+    // traverse
+    if ( pOld && !Dar_ObjIsConst1(pOld) )
+        Fra_SetActivityFactors_rec( p, pOld, LevelMin, LevelMax );
+    if ( pNew && !Dar_ObjIsConst1(pNew) )
+        Fra_SetActivityFactors_rec( p, pNew, LevelMin, LevelMax );
+//Fra_PrintActivity( p );
+p->timeTrav += clock() - clk;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fraSim.c b/src/aig/fra/fraSim.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8b88159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fraSim.c
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fraSim.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fraSim.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assigns random patterns to the PI node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_NodeAssignRandom( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims;
+    int i;
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) );
+    pSims = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        pSims[i] = Fra_ObjRandomSim();
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assigns constant patterns to the PI node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_NodeAssignConst( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj, int fConst1 )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims;
+    int i;
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsPi(pObj) );
+    pSims = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        pSims[i] = fConst1? ~(unsigned)0 : 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assings random simulation info for the PIs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_AssignRandom( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Fra_NodeAssignRandom( p, pObj );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assings distance-1 simulation info for the PIs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_AssignDist1( Fra_Man_t * p, unsigned * pPat )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, Limit;
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Fra_NodeAssignConst( p, pObj, Dar_InfoHasBit(pPat, i) );
+    Limit = DAR_MIN( Dar_ManPiNum(p->pManAig), p->nSimWords * 32 - 1 );
+    for ( i = 0; i < Limit; i++ )
+        Dar_InfoXorBit( Fra_ObjSim( Dar_ManPi(p->pManAig,i) ), i+1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if simulation info is composed of all zeros.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_NodeHasZeroSim( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims;
+    int i;
+    pSims = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        if ( pSims[i] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if simulation info is composed of all zeros.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_NodeComplementSim( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims;
+    int i;
+    pSims = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        pSims[i] = ~pSims[i];
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if simulation infos are equal.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_NodeCompareSims( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj0, Dar_Obj_t * pObj1 )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims0, * pSims1;
+    int i;
+    pSims0 = Fra_ObjSim(pObj0);
+    pSims1 = Fra_ObjSim(pObj1);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        if ( pSims0[i] != pSims1[i] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Simulates one node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_NodeSimulate( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims, * pSims0, * pSims1;
+    int fCompl, fCompl0, fCompl1, i;
+    assert( !Dar_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    assert( Dar_ObjIsNode(pObj) );
+    // get hold of the simulation information
+    pSims  = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+    pSims0 = Fra_ObjSim(Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj));
+    pSims1 = Fra_ObjSim(Dar_ObjFanin1(pObj));
+    // get complemented attributes of the children using their random info
+    fCompl  = pObj->fPhase;
+    fCompl0 = Dar_ObjFaninPhase(Dar_ObjChild0(pObj));
+    fCompl1 = Dar_ObjFaninPhase(Dar_ObjChild1(pObj));
+    // simulate
+    if ( fCompl0 && fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = (pSims0[i] | pSims1[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = ~(pSims0[i] | pSims1[i]);
+    }
+    else if ( fCompl0 && !fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = (pSims0[i] | ~pSims1[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = (~pSims0[i] & pSims1[i]);
+    }
+    else if ( !fCompl0 && fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = (~pSims0[i] | pSims1[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = (pSims0[i] & ~pSims1[i]);
+    }
+    else // if ( !fCompl0 && !fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = ~(pSims0[i] & pSims1[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims[i] = (pSims0[i] & pSims1[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Generated const 0 pattern.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_SavePattern0( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [[Generated const 1 pattern.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_SavePattern1( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0xff, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Copy pattern from the solver into the internal storage.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_SavePattern( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p->pManFraig, pObj, i )
+//    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vPiVars, pObj, i )
+        if ( p->pSat->model.ptr[Fra_ObjSatNum(pObj)] == l_True )
+            Dar_InfoSetBit( p->pPatWords, i );
+//            Ivy_InfoSetBit( p->pPatWords, pObj->Id - 1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Cleans pattern scores.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_CleanPatScores( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    int i, nLimit = p->nSimWords * 32;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLimit; i++ )
+        p->pPatScores[i] = 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Adds to pattern scores.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_AddToPatScores( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pClass, Dar_Obj_t * pClassNew )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims0, * pSims1;
+    unsigned uDiff;
+    int i, w;
+    // get hold of the simulation information
+    pSims0 = Fra_ObjSim(pClass);
+    pSims1 = Fra_ObjSim(pClassNew);
+    // iterate through the differences and record the score
+    for ( w = 0; w < p->nSimWords; w++ )
+    {
+        uDiff = pSims0[w] ^ pSims1[w];
+        if ( uDiff == 0 )
+            continue;
+        for ( i = 0; i < 32; i++ )
+            if ( uDiff & ( 1 << i ) )
+                p->pPatScores[w*32+i]++;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Selects the best pattern.]
+
+  Description [Returns 1 if such pattern is found.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_SelectBestPat( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    unsigned * pSims;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, nLimit = p->nSimWords * 32, MaxScore = 0, BestPat = -1;
+    for ( i = 1; i < nLimit; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( MaxScore < p->pPatScores[i] )
+        {
+            MaxScore = p->pPatScores[i];
+            BestPat = i;
+        }
+    }
+    if ( MaxScore == 0 )
+        return 0;
+//    if ( MaxScore > p->pPars->MaxScore )
+//    printf( "Max score is %3d.  ", MaxScore );
+    // copy the best pattern into the selected pattern
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pSims = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+        if ( Dar_InfoHasBit(pSims, BestPat) )
+            Dar_InfoSetBit(p->pPatWords, i);
+    }
+    return MaxScore;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Simulates AIG manager.]
+
+  Description [Assumes that the PI simulation info is attached.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_SimulateOne( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, clk;
+clk = clock();
+    Dar_ManForEachNode( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        Fra_NodeSimulate( p, pObj );
+/*
+        if ( Dar_ObjFraig(pObj) == NULL )
+            printf( "%3d --- -- %d  :  ", pObj->Id, pObj->fPhase );
+        else
+            printf( "%3d %3d %2d %d  :  ", pObj->Id, Dar_Regular(Dar_ObjFraig(pObj))->Id, Dar_ObjSatNum(Dar_Regular(Dar_ObjFraig(pObj))), pObj->fPhase );
+        Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, Fra_ObjSim(pObj), 30 );
+        printf( "\n" );
+*/
+    }
+p->timeSim += clock() - clk;
+p->nSimRounds++;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Resimulates fraiging manager after finding a counter-example.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_Resimulate( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    int nChanges;
+    Fra_AssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+    Fra_SimulateOne( p );
+    if ( p->pPars->fPatScores )
+        Fra_CleanPatScores( p );
+    nChanges = Fra_RefineClasses( p );
+    nChanges += Fra_RefineClasses1( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+        return;
+    if ( nChanges < 1 )
+        printf( "Error: A counter-example did not refine classes!\n" );
+    assert( nChanges >= 1 );
+//printf( "Refined classes! = %5d.   Changes = %4d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges );
+
+    if ( !p->pPars->fPatScores )
+        return;
+
+    // perform additional simulation using dist1 patterns derived from successful patterns
+    while ( Fra_SelectBestPat(p) > p->pPars->MaxScore )
+    {
+        Fra_AssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+        Fra_SimulateOne( p );
+        Fra_CleanPatScores( p );
+        nChanges = Fra_RefineClasses( p );
+        nChanges += Fra_RefineClasses1( p );
+        if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+            return;
+//printf( "Refined class!!! = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Fra_CountPairsClasses(p) );
+        if ( nChanges == 0 )
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs simulation of the manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_Simulate( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    int nChanges, nClasses;
+    // start the classes
+    Fra_AssignRandom( p );
+    Fra_SimulateOne( p );
+    Fra_CreateClasses( p );
+//printf( "Starting classes = %5d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, Fra_CountPairsClasses(p) );
+    // refine classes by walking 0/1 patterns
+    Fra_SavePattern0( p );
+    Fra_AssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+    Fra_SimulateOne( p );
+    nChanges = Fra_RefineClasses( p );
+    nChanges += Fra_RefineClasses1( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig )
+        return;
+//printf( "Refined classes  = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Fra_CountPairsClasses(p) );
+    Fra_SavePattern1( p );
+    Fra_AssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+    Fra_SimulateOne( p );
+    nChanges = Fra_RefineClasses( p );
+    nChanges += Fra_RefineClasses1( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig )
+        return;
+//printf( "Refined classes  = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Fra_CountPairsClasses(p) );
+    // refine classes by random simulation
+    do {
+        Fra_AssignRandom( p );
+        Fra_SimulateOne( p );
+        nClasses = Vec_PtrSize(p->vClasses);
+        nChanges = Fra_RefineClasses( p );
+        nChanges += Fra_RefineClasses1( p );
+        if ( p->pManFraig )
+            return;
+//printf( "Refined classes  = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Fra_CountPairsClasses(p) );
+    } while ( (double)nChanges / nClasses > p->pPars->dSimSatur );
+//    Fra_PrintSimClasses( p );
+}
+ 
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates the counter-example from the successful pattern.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Fra_CheckOutputSimsSavePattern( Fra_Man_t * p, Dar_Obj_t * pObj )
+{ 
+    unsigned * pSims;
+    int i, k, BestPat, * pModel;
+    // find the word of the pattern
+    pSims = Fra_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        if ( pSims[i] )
+            break;
+    assert( i < p->nSimWords );
+    // find the bit of the pattern
+    for ( k = 0; k < 32; k++ )
+        if ( pSims[i] & (1 << k) )
+            break;
+    assert( k < 32 );
+    // determine the best pattern
+    BestPat = i * 32 + k;
+    // fill in the counter-example data
+    pModel = ALLOC( int, Dar_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+    Dar_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pModel[i] = Dar_InfoHasBit(Fra_ObjSim(pObj), BestPat);
+//        printf( "%d", pModel[i] );
+    }
+//    printf( "\n" );
+    // set the model
+    assert( p->pManFraig->pData == NULL );
+    p->pManFraig->pData = pModel;
+    return;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if the one of the output is already non-constant 0.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Fra_CheckOutputSims( Fra_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    // make sure the reference simulation pattern does not detect the bug
+    pObj = Dar_ManPo( p->pManAig, 0 );
+    assert( Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)->fPhase == (unsigned)Dar_ObjFaninC0(pObj) ); // Dar_ObjFaninPhase(Dar_ObjChild0(pObj)) == 0
+    Dar_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        // complement simulation info
+//        if ( Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)->fPhase ^ Dar_ObjFaninC0(pObj) ) // Dar_ObjFaninPhase(Dar_ObjChild0(pObj))
+//            Fra_NodeComplementSim( p, Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj) );
+        // check 
+        if ( !Fra_NodeHasZeroSim( p, Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj) ) )
+        {
+            // create the counter-example from this pattern
+            Fra_CheckOutputSimsSavePattern( p, Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj) );
+            return 1;
+        }
+        // complement simulation info
+//        if ( Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)->fPhase ^ Dar_ObjFaninC0(pObj) )
+//            Fra_NodeComplementSim( p, Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj) );
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/fra_.c b/src/aig/fra/fra_.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b601587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/fra_.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [fra_.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [New FRAIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 30, 2007.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: fra_.c,v 1.00 2007/06/30 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "fra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/ivyFraig.c b/src/aig/fra/ivyFraig.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9a65881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/ivyFraig.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2750 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [ivyFraig.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [And-Inverter Graph package.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Functional reduction of AIGs]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - May 11, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: ivyFraig.c,v 1.00 2006/05/11 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "satSolver.h"
+#include "extra.h"
+#include "ivy.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef struct Ivy_FraigMan_t_        Ivy_FraigMan_t;
+typedef struct Ivy_FraigSim_t_        Ivy_FraigSim_t;
+typedef struct Ivy_FraigList_t_       Ivy_FraigList_t;
+
+struct Ivy_FraigList_t_
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t *         pHead;
+    Ivy_Obj_t *         pTail;
+    int                 nItems;
+};
+
+struct Ivy_FraigSim_t_
+{
+    int                 Type;
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t *    pNext;
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t *    pFanin0;
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t *    pFanin1;
+    unsigned            pData[0];
+};
+
+struct Ivy_FraigMan_t_
+{
+    // general info 
+    Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams;        // various parameters
+    // temporary backtrack limits because "sint64" cannot be defined in Ivy_FraigParams_t ...
+    sint64              nBTLimitGlobal; // global limit on the number of backtracks
+    sint64              nInsLimitGlobal;// global limit on the number of clause inspects
+    // AIG manager
+    Ivy_Man_t *         pManAig;        // the starting AIG manager
+    Ivy_Man_t *         pManFraig;      // the final AIG manager
+    // simulation information
+    int                 nSimWords;      // the number of words
+    char *              pSimWords;      // the simulation info
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t *    pSimStart;      // the list of simulation info for internal nodes
+    // counter example storage
+    int                 nPatWords;      // the number of words in the counter example
+    unsigned *          pPatWords;      // the counter example
+    int *               pPatScores;     // the scores of each pattern
+    // equivalence classes 
+    Ivy_FraigList_t     lClasses;       // equivalence classes
+    Ivy_FraigList_t     lCand;          // candidatates
+    int                 nPairs;         // the number of pairs of nodes
+    // equivalence checking
+    sat_solver *        pSat;           // SAT solver
+    int                 nSatVars;       // the number of variables currently used
+    Vec_Ptr_t *         vPiVars;        // the PIs of the cone used 
+    // other 
+    ProgressBar *       pProgress;
+    // statistics
+    int                 nSimRounds;
+    int                 nNodesMiter;
+    int                 nClassesZero;
+    int                 nClassesBeg;
+    int                 nClassesEnd;
+    int                 nPairsBeg;
+    int                 nPairsEnd;
+    int                 nSatCalls;
+    int                 nSatCallsSat;
+    int                 nSatCallsUnsat;
+    int                 nSatProof;
+    int                 nSatFails;
+    int                 nSatFailsReal;
+    // runtime
+    int                 timeSim;
+    int                 timeTrav;
+    int                 timeSat;
+    int                 timeSatUnsat;
+    int                 timeSatSat;
+    int                 timeSatFail;
+    int                 timeRef;
+    int                 timeTotal;
+    int                 time1;
+    int                 time2;
+};
+
+typedef struct Prove_ParamsStruct_t_      Prove_Params_t;
+struct Prove_ParamsStruct_t_
+{
+    // general parameters
+    int     fUseFraiging;          // enables fraiging
+    int     fUseRewriting;         // enables rewriting
+    int     fUseBdds;              // enables BDD construction when other methods fail
+    int     fVerbose;              // prints verbose stats
+    // iterations
+    int     nItersMax;             // the number of iterations
+    // mitering 
+    int     nMiteringLimitStart;   // starting mitering limit
+    float   nMiteringLimitMulti;   // multiplicative coefficient to increase the limit in each iteration
+    // rewriting 
+    int     nRewritingLimitStart;  // the number of rewriting iterations
+    float   nRewritingLimitMulti;  // multiplicative coefficient to increase the limit in each iteration
+    // fraiging 
+    int     nFraigingLimitStart;   // starting backtrack(conflict) limit
+    float   nFraigingLimitMulti;   // multiplicative coefficient to increase the limit in each iteration
+    // last-gasp BDD construction
+    int     nBddSizeLimit;         // the number of BDD nodes when construction is aborted
+    int     fBddReorder;           // enables dynamic BDD variable reordering
+    // last-gasp mitering
+    int     nMiteringLimitLast;    // final mitering limit
+    // global SAT solver limits
+    sint64  nTotalBacktrackLimit;  // global limit on the number of backtracks
+    sint64  nTotalInspectLimit;    // global limit on the number of clause inspects
+    // global resources applied
+    sint64  nTotalBacktracksMade;  // the total number of backtracks made
+    sint64  nTotalInspectsMade;    // the total number of inspects made
+};
+
+static inline Ivy_FraigSim_t * Ivy_ObjSim( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                            { return (Ivy_FraigSim_t *)pObj->pFanout;  }
+static inline Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_ObjClassNodeLast( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                       { return pObj->pNextFan0;  }
+static inline Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                       { return pObj->pNextFan0;  }
+static inline Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                       { return pObj->pNextFan1;  }
+static inline Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_ObjNodeHashNext( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                        { return pObj->pPrevFan0;  }
+static inline Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_ObjEquivListNext( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                       { return pObj->pPrevFan0;  }
+static inline Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_ObjEquivListPrev( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                       { return pObj->pPrevFan1;  }
+static inline Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_ObjFraig( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                               { return pObj->pEquiv;     }
+static inline int         Ivy_ObjSatNum( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                              { return (int)pObj->pNextFan0;         }
+static inline Vec_Ptr_t * Ivy_ObjFaninVec( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )                            { return (Vec_Ptr_t *)pObj->pNextFan1; }
+
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetSim( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSim )       { pObj->pFanout = (Ivy_Obj_t *)pSim; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeLast( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_Obj_t * pLast ) { pObj->pNextFan0 = pLast; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeRepr( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_Obj_t * pRepr ) { pObj->pNextFan0 = pRepr; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_Obj_t * pNext ) { pObj->pNextFan1 = pNext; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetNodeHashNext( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_Obj_t * pNext )  { pObj->pPrevFan0 = pNext; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_Obj_t * pNext ) { pObj->pPrevFan0 = pNext; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListPrev( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_Obj_t * pPrev ) { pObj->pPrevFan1 = pPrev; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetFraig( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Ivy_Obj_t * pNode )         { pObj->pEquiv    = pNode; }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetSatNum( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, int Num )                  { pObj->pNextFan0 = (Ivy_Obj_t *)Num;     }
+static inline void        Ivy_ObjSetFaninVec( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vFanins )    { pObj->pNextFan1 = (Ivy_Obj_t *)vFanins; }
+
+static inline unsigned    Ivy_ObjRandomSim()                       { return (rand() << 24) ^ (rand() << 12) ^ rand(); }
+
+// iterate through equivalence classes
+#define Ivy_FraigForEachEquivClass( pList, pEnt )                 \
+    for ( pEnt = pList;                                           \
+          pEnt;                                                   \
+          pEnt = Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pEnt) )
+#define Ivy_FraigForEachEquivClassSafe( pList, pEnt, pEnt2 )      \
+    for ( pEnt = pList,                                           \
+          pEnt2 = pEnt? Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pEnt): NULL;         \
+          pEnt;                                                   \
+          pEnt = pEnt2,                                           \
+          pEnt2 = pEnt? Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pEnt): NULL )
+// iterate through nodes in one class
+#define Ivy_FraigForEachClassNode( pClass, pEnt )                 \
+    for ( pEnt = pClass;                                          \
+          pEnt;                                                   \
+          pEnt = Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pEnt) )
+// iterate through nodes in the hash table
+#define Ivy_FraigForEachBinNode( pBin, pEnt )                     \
+    for ( pEnt = pBin;                                            \
+          pEnt;                                                   \
+          pEnt = Ivy_ObjNodeHashNext(pEnt) )
+
+static Ivy_FraigMan_t * Ivy_FraigStart( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams );
+static Ivy_FraigMan_t * Ivy_FraigStartSimple( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams );
+static Ivy_Man_t *   Ivy_FraigPerform_int( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams, sint64 nBTLimitGlobal, sint64 nInsLimitGlobal, sint64 * pnSatConfs, sint64 * pnSatInspects );
+static void          Ivy_FraigPrint( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p );
+static void          Ivy_FraigStop( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p );
+static void          Ivy_FraigSimulate( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p );
+static void          Ivy_FraigSweep( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p );
+static Ivy_Obj_t *   Ivy_FraigAnd( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObjOld );
+static int           Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquiv( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj0, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj1 );
+static int           Ivy_FraigNodeIsConst( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj );
+static void          Ivy_FraigNodeAddToSolver( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj0, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj1 );
+static int           Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pOld, Ivy_Obj_t * pNew );
+static void          Ivy_FraigAddToPatScores( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pClass, Ivy_Obj_t * pClassNew );
+static int           Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( Ivy_Man_t * pMan );
+static void          Ivy_FraigMiterProve( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p );
+static void          Ivy_FraigMiterPrint( Ivy_Man_t * pNtk, char * pString, int clk, int fVerbose );
+static int *         Ivy_FraigCreateModel( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p );
+
+static int Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquivBdd( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj1, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj2 );
+
+static sint64 s_nBTLimitGlobal = 0;
+static sint64 s_nInsLimitGlobal = 0;
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Sets the default solving parameters.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigParamsDefault( Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams )
+{
+    memset( pParams, 0, sizeof(Ivy_FraigParams_t) );
+    pParams->nSimWords        =      32;  // the number of words in the simulation info
+    pParams->dSimSatur        =   0.005;  // the ratio of refined classes when saturation is reached
+    pParams->fPatScores       =       0;  // enables simulation pattern scoring
+    pParams->MaxScore         =      25;  // max score after which resimulation is used
+    pParams->fDoSparse        =       1;  // skips sparse functions
+//    pParams->dActConeRatio    =    0.05;  // the ratio of cone to be bumped
+//    pParams->dActConeBumpMax  =     5.0;  // the largest bump of activity
+    pParams->dActConeRatio    =     0.3;  // the ratio of cone to be bumped
+    pParams->dActConeBumpMax  =    10.0;  // the largest bump of activity
+
+    pParams->nBTLimitNode     =     100;  // conflict limit at a node
+    pParams->nBTLimitMiter    =  500000;  // conflict limit at an output
+//    pParams->nBTLimitGlobal   =       0;  // conflict limit global
+//    pParams->nInsLimitGlobal  =       0;  // inspection limit global
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs combinational equivalence checking for the miter.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigProve( Ivy_Man_t ** ppManAig, void * pPars )
+{
+    Prove_Params_t * pParams = pPars;
+    Ivy_FraigParams_t Params, * pIvyParams = &Params; 
+    Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, * pManTemp;
+    int RetValue, nIter, clk, timeStart = clock();//, Counter;
+    sint64 nSatConfs, nSatInspects;
+
+    // start the network and parameters
+    pManAig = *ppManAig;
+    Ivy_FraigParamsDefault( pIvyParams );
+    pIvyParams->fVerbose = pParams->fVerbose;
+    pIvyParams->fProve = 1;
+
+    if ( pParams->fVerbose )
+    {
+        printf( "RESOURCE LIMITS: Iterations = %d. Rewriting = %s. Fraiging = %s.\n",
+            pParams->nItersMax, pParams->fUseRewriting? "yes":"no", pParams->fUseFraiging? "yes":"no" );
+        printf( "Mitering = %d (%3.1f).  Rewriting = %d (%3.1f).  Fraiging = %d (%3.1f).\n", 
+            pParams->nMiteringLimitStart,  pParams->nMiteringLimitMulti, 
+            pParams->nRewritingLimitStart, pParams->nRewritingLimitMulti,
+            pParams->nFraigingLimitStart,  pParams->nFraigingLimitMulti );
+        printf( "Mitering last = %d.\n", 
+            pParams->nMiteringLimitLast );
+    }
+
+    // if SAT only, solve without iteration
+    if ( !pParams->fUseRewriting && !pParams->fUseFraiging )
+    {
+        clk = clock();
+        pIvyParams->nBTLimitMiter = pParams->nMiteringLimitLast / Ivy_ManPoNum(pManAig);
+        pManAig = Ivy_FraigMiter( pManTemp = pManAig, pIvyParams );  Ivy_ManStop( pManTemp );
+        RetValue = Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( pManAig );
+        Ivy_FraigMiterPrint( pManAig, "SAT solving", clk, pParams->fVerbose );
+        *ppManAig = pManAig;
+        return RetValue;
+    }
+
+    if ( Ivy_ManNodeNum(pManAig) < 500 )
+    {
+        // run the first mitering
+        clk = clock();
+        pIvyParams->nBTLimitMiter = pParams->nMiteringLimitStart / Ivy_ManPoNum(pManAig);
+        pManAig = Ivy_FraigMiter( pManTemp = pManAig, pIvyParams );  Ivy_ManStop( pManTemp );
+        RetValue = Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( pManAig );
+        Ivy_FraigMiterPrint( pManAig, "SAT solving", clk, pParams->fVerbose );
+        if ( RetValue >= 0 )
+        {
+            *ppManAig = pManAig;
+            return RetValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // check the current resource limits
+    RetValue = -1;
+    for ( nIter = 0; nIter < pParams->nItersMax; nIter++ )
+    {
+        if ( pParams->fVerbose )
+        {
+            printf( "ITERATION %2d : Confs = %6d. FraigBTL = %3d. \n", nIter+1, 
+                 (int)(pParams->nMiteringLimitStart * pow(pParams->nMiteringLimitMulti,nIter)), 
+                 (int)(pParams->nFraigingLimitStart * pow(pParams->nFraigingLimitMulti,nIter)) );
+            fflush( stdout );
+        }
+
+        // try rewriting
+        if ( pParams->fUseRewriting )
+        { // bug in Ivy_NodeFindCutsAll() when leaves are identical!
+/*
+            clk = clock();
+            Counter = (int)(pParams->nRewritingLimitStart * pow(pParams->nRewritingLimitMulti,nIter));
+            pManAig = Ivy_ManRwsat( pManAig, 0 );  
+            RetValue = Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( pManAig );
+            Ivy_FraigMiterPrint( pManAig, "Rewriting  ", clk, pParams->fVerbose );
+*/
+        }
+        if ( RetValue >= 0 )
+            break;
+
+        // try fraiging followed by mitering
+        if ( pParams->fUseFraiging )
+        {
+            clk = clock();
+            pIvyParams->nBTLimitNode  = (int)(pParams->nFraigingLimitStart * pow(pParams->nFraigingLimitMulti,nIter));
+            pIvyParams->nBTLimitMiter = (int)(pParams->nMiteringLimitStart * pow(pParams->nMiteringLimitMulti,nIter)) / Ivy_ManPoNum(pManAig);
+            pManAig = Ivy_FraigPerform_int( pManTemp = pManAig, pIvyParams, pParams->nTotalBacktrackLimit, pParams->nTotalInspectLimit, &nSatConfs, &nSatInspects );  Ivy_ManStop( pManTemp );
+            RetValue = Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( pManAig );
+            Ivy_FraigMiterPrint( pManAig, "Fraiging   ", clk, pParams->fVerbose );
+        }
+        if ( RetValue >= 0 )
+            break;
+
+        // add to the number of backtracks and inspects
+        pParams->nTotalBacktracksMade += nSatConfs;
+        pParams->nTotalInspectsMade   += nSatInspects;
+        // check if global resource limit is reached
+        if ( (pParams->nTotalBacktrackLimit && pParams->nTotalBacktracksMade >= pParams->nTotalBacktrackLimit) ||
+             (pParams->nTotalInspectLimit   && pParams->nTotalInspectsMade   >= pParams->nTotalInspectLimit) )
+        {
+            printf( "Reached global limit on conflicts/inspects. Quitting.\n" );
+            *ppManAig = pManAig;
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }    
+
+    if ( RetValue < 0 )
+    {
+        if ( pParams->fVerbose )
+        {
+            printf( "Attempting SAT with conflict limit %d ...\n", pParams->nMiteringLimitLast );
+            fflush( stdout );
+        }
+        clk = clock();
+        pIvyParams->nBTLimitMiter = pParams->nMiteringLimitLast / Ivy_ManPoNum(pManAig);
+        if ( pParams->nTotalBacktrackLimit )
+            s_nBTLimitGlobal  = pParams->nTotalBacktrackLimit - pParams->nTotalBacktracksMade;
+        if ( pParams->nTotalInspectLimit )
+            s_nInsLimitGlobal = pParams->nTotalInspectLimit -   pParams->nTotalInspectsMade;        
+        pManAig = Ivy_FraigMiter( pManTemp = pManAig, pIvyParams );  Ivy_ManStop( pManTemp );
+        s_nBTLimitGlobal  = 0;
+        s_nInsLimitGlobal = 0;        
+        RetValue = Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( pManAig );
+        Ivy_FraigMiterPrint( pManAig, "SAT solving", clk, pParams->fVerbose );
+        // make sure that the sover never returns "undecided" when infinite resource limits are set
+        if( RetValue == -1 && pParams->nTotalInspectLimit == 0 &&
+            pParams->nTotalBacktrackLimit == 0 )
+        {
+            extern void Prove_ParamsPrint( Prove_Params_t * pParams );
+            Prove_ParamsPrint( pParams );
+            printf("ERROR: ABC has returned \"undecided\" in spite of no limits...\n");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // assign the model if it was proved by rewriting (const 1 miter)
+    if ( RetValue == 0 && pManAig->pData == NULL )
+    {
+        pManAig->pData = ALLOC( int, Ivy_ManPiNum(pManAig) );
+        memset( pManAig->pData, 0, sizeof(int) * Ivy_ManPiNum(pManAig) );
+    }
+    *ppManAig = pManAig;
+    return RetValue;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs fraiging of the AIG.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Ivy_Man_t * Ivy_FraigPerform_int( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams, sint64 nBTLimitGlobal, sint64 nInsLimitGlobal, sint64 * pnSatConfs, sint64 * pnSatInspects )
+{ 
+    Ivy_FraigMan_t * p;
+    Ivy_Man_t * pManAigNew;
+    int clk;
+    if ( Ivy_ManNodeNum(pManAig) == 0 )
+        return Ivy_ManDup(pManAig);
+clk = clock();
+    assert( Ivy_ManLatchNum(pManAig) == 0 );
+    p = Ivy_FraigStart( pManAig, pParams );
+    // set global limits
+    p->nBTLimitGlobal  = nBTLimitGlobal;
+    p->nInsLimitGlobal = nInsLimitGlobal; 
+    
+    Ivy_FraigSimulate( p );
+    Ivy_FraigSweep( p );
+    pManAigNew = p->pManFraig;
+p->timeTotal = clock() - clk;
+    if ( pnSatConfs )
+        *pnSatConfs = p->pSat? p->pSat->stats.conflicts : 0;
+    if ( pnSatInspects )
+        *pnSatInspects = p->pSat? p->pSat->stats.inspects : 0;
+    Ivy_FraigStop( p );
+    return pManAigNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs fraiging of the AIG.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Ivy_Man_t * Ivy_FraigPerform( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigMan_t * p;
+    Ivy_Man_t * pManAigNew;
+    int clk;
+    if ( Ivy_ManNodeNum(pManAig) == 0 )
+        return Ivy_ManDup(pManAig);
+clk = clock();
+    assert( Ivy_ManLatchNum(pManAig) == 0 );
+    p = Ivy_FraigStart( pManAig, pParams );
+    Ivy_FraigSimulate( p );
+    Ivy_FraigSweep( p );
+    pManAigNew = p->pManFraig;
+p->timeTotal = clock() - clk;
+    Ivy_FraigStop( p );
+    return pManAigNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Applies brute-force SAT to the miter.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Ivy_Man_t * Ivy_FraigMiter( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigMan_t * p;
+    Ivy_Man_t * pManAigNew;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, clk;
+clk = clock();
+    assert( Ivy_ManLatchNum(pManAig) == 0 );
+    p = Ivy_FraigStartSimple( pManAig, pParams );
+    // set global limits
+    p->nBTLimitGlobal  = s_nBTLimitGlobal;
+    p->nInsLimitGlobal = s_nInsLimitGlobal; 
+    // duplicate internal nodes
+    Ivy_ManForEachNode( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        pObj->pEquiv = Ivy_And( p->pManFraig, Ivy_ObjChild0Equiv(pObj), Ivy_ObjChild1Equiv(pObj) );
+    // try to prove each output of the miter
+    Ivy_FraigMiterProve( p );
+    // add the POs
+    Ivy_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Ivy_ObjCreatePo( p->pManFraig, Ivy_ObjChild0Equiv(pObj) );
+    // clean the new manager
+    Ivy_ManForEachObj( p->pManFraig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pObj) )
+            Vec_PtrFree( Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pObj) );
+        pObj->pNextFan0 = pObj->pNextFan1 = NULL;
+    }
+    // remove dangling nodes 
+    Ivy_ManCleanup( p->pManFraig );
+    pManAigNew = p->pManFraig;
+p->timeTotal = clock() - clk;
+
+//printf( "Final nodes = %6d. ", Ivy_ManNodeNum(pManAigNew) );
+//PRT( "Time", p->timeTotal );
+    Ivy_FraigStop( p );
+    return pManAigNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Starts the fraiging manager without simulation info.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Ivy_FraigMan_t * Ivy_FraigStartSimple( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigMan_t * p;
+    // allocat the fraiging manager
+    p = ALLOC( Ivy_FraigMan_t, 1 );
+    memset( p, 0, sizeof(Ivy_FraigMan_t) );
+    p->pParams   = pParams;
+    p->pManAig   = pManAig;
+    p->pManFraig = Ivy_ManStartFrom( pManAig );
+    p->vPiVars   = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    return p;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Starts the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Ivy_FraigMan_t * Ivy_FraigStart( Ivy_Man_t * pManAig, Ivy_FraigParams_t * pParams )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigMan_t * p;
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, k, EntrySize;
+    // clean the fanout representation
+    Ivy_ManForEachObj( pManAig, pObj, i )
+//        pObj->pEquiv = pObj->pFanout = pObj->pNextFan0 = pObj->pNextFan1 = pObj->pPrevFan0 = pObj->pPrevFan1 = NULL;
+        assert( !pObj->pEquiv && !pObj->pFanout );
+    // allocat the fraiging manager
+    p = ALLOC( Ivy_FraigMan_t, 1 );
+    memset( p, 0, sizeof(Ivy_FraigMan_t) );
+    p->pParams   = pParams;
+    p->pManAig   = pManAig;
+    p->pManFraig = Ivy_ManStartFrom( pManAig );
+    // allocate simulation info
+    p->nSimWords    = pParams->nSimWords;
+//    p->pSimWords    = ALLOC( unsigned, Ivy_ManObjNum(pManAig) * p->nSimWords ); 
+    EntrySize    = sizeof(Ivy_FraigSim_t) + sizeof(unsigned) * p->nSimWords;
+    p->pSimWords = (char *)malloc( Ivy_ManObjNum(pManAig) * EntrySize ); 
+    memset( p->pSimWords, 0, EntrySize );
+    k = 0;
+    Ivy_ManForEachObj( pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pSims = (Ivy_FraigSim_t *)(p->pSimWords + EntrySize * k++);
+        pSims->pNext = NULL;
+        if ( Ivy_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+        {
+            if ( p->pSimStart == NULL )
+                p->pSimStart = pSims;
+            else
+                ((Ivy_FraigSim_t *)(p->pSimWords + EntrySize * (k-2)))->pNext = pSims;
+            pSims->pFanin0 = Ivy_ObjSim( Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj) );
+            pSims->pFanin1 = Ivy_ObjSim( Ivy_ObjFanin1(pObj) );
+            pSims->Type = (Ivy_ObjFaninPhase(Ivy_ObjChild0(pObj)) << 2) | (Ivy_ObjFaninPhase(Ivy_ObjChild1(pObj)) << 1) | pObj->fPhase;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pSims->pFanin0 = NULL;
+            pSims->pFanin1 = NULL;
+            pSims->Type = 0;
+        }
+        Ivy_ObjSetSim( pObj, pSims );
+    }
+    assert( k == Ivy_ManObjNum(pManAig) );
+    // allocate storage for sim pattern
+    p->nPatWords = Ivy_BitWordNum( Ivy_ManPiNum(pManAig) );
+    p->pPatWords = ALLOC( unsigned, p->nPatWords ); 
+    p->pPatScores = ALLOC( int, 32 * p->nSimWords ); 
+    p->vPiVars   = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    // set random number generator
+    srand( 0xABCABC );
+    return p;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Stops the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigStop( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    if ( p->pParams->fVerbose )
+        Ivy_FraigPrint( p );
+    if ( p->vPiVars ) Vec_PtrFree( p->vPiVars );
+    if ( p->pSat ) sat_solver_delete( p->pSat );
+    FREE( p->pPatScores );
+    FREE( p->pPatWords );
+    FREE( p->pSimWords );
+    free( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints stats for the fraiging manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigPrint( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    double nMemory;
+    nMemory = (double)Ivy_ManObjNum(p->pManAig)*p->nSimWords*sizeof(unsigned)/(1<<20);
+    printf( "SimWords = %d. Rounds = %d. Mem = %0.2f Mb.  ", p->nSimWords, p->nSimRounds, nMemory );
+    printf( "Classes: Beg = %d. End = %d.\n", p->nClassesBeg, p->nClassesEnd );
+    printf( "Limits: BTNode = %d. BTMiter = %d.\n", p->pParams->nBTLimitNode, p->pParams->nBTLimitMiter );
+    printf( "Proof = %d. Counter-example = %d. Fail = %d. FailReal = %d. Zero = %d.\n", 
+        p->nSatProof, p->nSatCallsSat, p->nSatFails, p->nSatFailsReal, p->nClassesZero );
+    printf( "Final = %d. Miter = %d. Total = %d. Mux = %d. (Exor = %d.) SatVars = %d.\n", 
+        Ivy_ManNodeNum(p->pManFraig), p->nNodesMiter, Ivy_ManNodeNum(p->pManAig), 0, 0, p->nSatVars );
+    if ( p->pSat ) Sat_SolverPrintStats( stdout, p->pSat );
+    PRT( "AIG simulation  ", p->timeSim  );
+    PRT( "AIG traversal   ", p->timeTrav  );
+    PRT( "SAT solving     ", p->timeSat   );
+    PRT( "    Unsat       ", p->timeSatUnsat );
+    PRT( "    Sat         ", p->timeSatSat   );
+    PRT( "    Fail        ", p->timeSatFail  );
+    PRT( "Class refining  ", p->timeRef   );
+    PRT( "TOTAL RUNTIME   ", p->timeTotal );
+    if ( p->time1 ) { PRT( "time1           ", p->time1 ); }
+}
+
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assigns random patterns to the PI node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_NodeAssignRandom( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    int i;
+    assert( Ivy_ObjIsPi(pObj) );
+    pSims = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        pSims->pData[i] = Ivy_ObjRandomSim();
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assigns constant patterns to the PI node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_NodeAssignConst( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, int fConst1 )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    int i;
+    assert( Ivy_ObjIsPi(pObj) );
+    pSims = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        pSims->pData[i] = fConst1? ~(unsigned)0 : 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assings random simulation info for the PIs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigAssignRandom( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    Ivy_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Ivy_NodeAssignRandom( p, pObj );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Assings distance-1 simulation info for the PIs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigAssignDist1( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, unsigned * pPat )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, Limit;
+    Ivy_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Ivy_NodeAssignConst( p, pObj, Ivy_InfoHasBit(pPat, i) );
+    Limit = IVY_MIN( Ivy_ManPiNum(p->pManAig), p->nSimWords * 32 - 1 );
+    for ( i = 0; i < Limit; i++ )
+        Ivy_InfoXorBit( Ivy_ObjSim( Ivy_ManPi(p->pManAig,i) )->pData, i+1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if simulation info is composed of all zeros.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_NodeHasZeroSim( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    int i;
+    pSims = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        if ( pSims->pData[i] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if simulation info is composed of all zeros.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_NodeComplementSim( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    int i;
+    pSims = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        pSims->pData[i] = ~pSims->pData[i];
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if simulation infos are equal.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_NodeCompareSims( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj0, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj1 )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims0, * pSims1;
+    int i;
+    pSims0 = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj0);
+    pSims1 = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj1);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        if ( pSims0->pData[i] != pSims1->pData[i] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Simulates one node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_NodeSimulateSim( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims )
+{
+    unsigned * pData, * pData0, * pData1;
+    int i;
+    pData  = pSims->pData;
+    pData0 = pSims->pFanin0->pData;
+    pData1 = pSims->pFanin1->pData;
+    switch( pSims->Type )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = (pData0[i] & pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = ~(pData0[i] & pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = (pData0[i] & ~pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = (~pData0[i] | pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = (~pData0[i] & pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    case 5:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = (pData0[i] | ~pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    case 6:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = ~(pData0[i] | pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    case 7:
+        for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+            pData[i] = (pData0[i] | pData1[i]);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Simulates one node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_NodeSimulate( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims, * pSims0, * pSims1;
+    int fCompl, fCompl0, fCompl1, i;
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    // get hold of the simulation information
+    pSims  = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+    pSims0 = Ivy_ObjSim(Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj));
+    pSims1 = Ivy_ObjSim(Ivy_ObjFanin1(pObj));
+    // get complemented attributes of the children using their random info
+    fCompl  = pObj->fPhase;
+    fCompl0 = Ivy_ObjFaninPhase(Ivy_ObjChild0(pObj));
+    fCompl1 = Ivy_ObjFaninPhase(Ivy_ObjChild1(pObj));
+    // simulate
+    if ( fCompl0 && fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = (pSims0->pData[i] | pSims1->pData[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = ~(pSims0->pData[i] | pSims1->pData[i]);
+    }
+    else if ( fCompl0 && !fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = (pSims0->pData[i] | ~pSims1->pData[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = (~pSims0->pData[i] & pSims1->pData[i]);
+    }
+    else if ( !fCompl0 && fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = (~pSims0->pData[i] | pSims1->pData[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = (pSims0->pData[i] & ~pSims1->pData[i]);
+    }
+    else // if ( !fCompl0 && !fCompl1 )
+    {
+        if ( fCompl )
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = ~(pSims0->pData[i] & pSims1->pData[i]);
+        else
+            for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+                pSims->pData[i] = (pSims0->pData[i] & pSims1->pData[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes hash value using simulation info.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Ivy_NodeHash( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    static int s_FPrimes[128] = { 
+        1009, 1049, 1093, 1151, 1201, 1249, 1297, 1361, 1427, 1459, 
+        1499, 1559, 1607, 1657, 1709, 1759, 1823, 1877, 1933, 1997, 
+        2039, 2089, 2141, 2213, 2269, 2311, 2371, 2411, 2467, 2543, 
+        2609, 2663, 2699, 2741, 2797, 2851, 2909, 2969, 3037, 3089, 
+        3169, 3221, 3299, 3331, 3389, 3461, 3517, 3557, 3613, 3671, 
+        3719, 3779, 3847, 3907, 3943, 4013, 4073, 4129, 4201, 4243, 
+        4289, 4363, 4441, 4493, 4549, 4621, 4663, 4729, 4793, 4871, 
+        4933, 4973, 5021, 5087, 5153, 5227, 5281, 5351, 5417, 5471, 
+        5519, 5573, 5651, 5693, 5749, 5821, 5861, 5923, 6011, 6073, 
+        6131, 6199, 6257, 6301, 6353, 6397, 6481, 6563, 6619, 6689, 
+        6737, 6803, 6863, 6917, 6977, 7027, 7109, 7187, 7237, 7309, 
+        7393, 7477, 7523, 7561, 7607, 7681, 7727, 7817, 7877, 7933, 
+        8011, 8039, 8059, 8081, 8093, 8111, 8123, 8147
+    };
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    unsigned uHash;
+    int i;
+    assert( p->nSimWords <= 128 );
+    uHash = 0;
+    pSims  = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        uHash ^= pSims->pData[i] * s_FPrimes[i];
+    return uHash;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Simulates AIG manager.]
+
+  Description [Assumes that the PI simulation info is attached.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSimulateOne( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, clk;
+clk = clock();
+    Ivy_ManForEachNode( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        Ivy_NodeSimulate( p, pObj );
+/*
+        if ( Ivy_ObjFraig(pObj) == NULL )
+            printf( "%3d --- -- %d  :  ", pObj->Id, pObj->fPhase );
+        else
+            printf( "%3d %3d %2d %d  :  ", pObj->Id, Ivy_Regular(Ivy_ObjFraig(pObj))->Id, Ivy_ObjSatNum(Ivy_Regular(Ivy_ObjFraig(pObj))), pObj->fPhase );
+        Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, Ivy_ObjSim(pObj), 30 );
+        printf( "\n" );
+*/
+    }
+p->timeSim += clock() - clk;
+p->nSimRounds++;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Simulates AIG manager.]
+
+  Description [Assumes that the PI simulation info is attached.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSimulateOneSim( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    int clk;
+clk = clock();
+    for ( pSims = p->pSimStart; pSims; pSims = pSims->pNext )
+        Ivy_NodeSimulateSim( p, pSims );
+p->timeSim += clock() - clk;
+p->nSimRounds++;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Adds one node to the equivalence class.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_NodeAddToClass( Ivy_Obj_t * pClass, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )
+{
+    if ( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pClass) == NULL )
+        Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( pClass, pObj );
+    else
+        Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( Ivy_ObjClassNodeLast(pClass), pObj );
+    Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeLast( pClass, pObj );
+    Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeRepr( pObj, pClass );
+    Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( pObj, NULL );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Adds equivalence class to the list of classes.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigAddClass( Ivy_FraigList_t * pList, Ivy_Obj_t * pClass )
+{
+    if ( pList->pHead == NULL )
+    {
+        pList->pHead = pClass;
+        pList->pTail = pClass;
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListPrev( pClass, NULL );
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( pClass, NULL ); 
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( pList->pTail, pClass ); 
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListPrev( pClass, pList->pTail );
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( pClass, NULL ); 
+        pList->pTail = pClass;
+    }
+    pList->nItems++;
+}
+ 
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Updates the list of classes after base class has split.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigInsertClass( Ivy_FraigList_t * pList, Ivy_Obj_t * pBase, Ivy_Obj_t * pClass )
+{
+    Ivy_ObjSetEquivListPrev( pClass, pBase );
+    Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( pClass, Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pBase) ); 
+    if ( Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pBase) )
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListPrev( Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pBase), pClass );
+    Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( pBase, pClass ); 
+    if ( pList->pTail == pBase )
+        pList->pTail = pClass;
+    pList->nItems++;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Removes equivalence class from the list of classes.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigRemoveClass( Ivy_FraigList_t * pList, Ivy_Obj_t * pClass )
+{
+    if ( pList->pHead == pClass )
+        pList->pHead = Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pClass);
+    if ( pList->pTail == pClass )
+        pList->pTail = Ivy_ObjEquivListPrev(pClass);
+    if ( Ivy_ObjEquivListPrev(pClass) )
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( Ivy_ObjEquivListPrev(pClass), Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pClass) ); 
+    if ( Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pClass) )
+        Ivy_ObjSetEquivListPrev( Ivy_ObjEquivListNext(pClass), Ivy_ObjEquivListPrev(pClass) );
+    Ivy_ObjSetEquivListNext( pClass, NULL ); 
+    Ivy_ObjSetEquivListPrev( pClass, NULL );
+    pClass->fMarkA = 0;
+    pList->nItems--;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Count the number of pairs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigCountPairsClasses( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pClass, * pNode;
+    int nPairs = 0, nNodes;
+    return nPairs;
+
+    Ivy_FraigForEachEquivClass( p->lClasses.pHead, pClass )
+    {
+        nNodes = 0;
+        Ivy_FraigForEachClassNode( pClass, pNode )
+            nNodes++;
+        nPairs += nNodes * (nNodes - 1) / 2;
+    }
+    return nPairs;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates initial simulation classes.]
+
+  Description [Assumes that simulation info is assigned.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigCreateClasses( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t ** pTable;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, * pConst1, * pBin, * pEntry;
+    int i, nTableSize;
+    unsigned Hash;
+    pConst1 = Ivy_ManConst1(p->pManAig);
+    // allocate the table
+    nTableSize = Ivy_ManObjNum(p->pManAig) / 2 + 13;
+    pTable = ALLOC( Ivy_Obj_t *, nTableSize ); 
+    memset( pTable, 0, sizeof(Ivy_Obj_t *) * nTableSize );
+    // collect nodes into the table
+    Ivy_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( !Ivy_ObjIsPi(pObj) && !Ivy_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+            continue;
+        Hash = Ivy_NodeHash( p, pObj );
+        if ( Hash == 0 && Ivy_NodeHasZeroSim( p, pObj ) )
+        {
+            Ivy_NodeAddToClass( pConst1, pObj );
+            continue;
+        }
+        // add the node to the table
+        pBin = pTable[Hash % nTableSize];
+        Ivy_FraigForEachBinNode( pBin, pEntry )
+            if ( Ivy_NodeCompareSims( p, pEntry, pObj ) )
+            {
+                Ivy_NodeAddToClass( pEntry, pObj );
+                break;
+            }
+        // check if the entry was added
+        if ( pEntry )
+            continue;
+        Ivy_ObjSetNodeHashNext( pObj, pBin );
+        pTable[Hash % nTableSize] = pObj;
+    }
+    // collect non-trivial classes
+    assert( p->lClasses.pHead == NULL );
+    Ivy_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( !Ivy_ObjIsConst1(pObj) && !Ivy_ObjIsPi(pObj) && !Ivy_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+            continue;
+        Ivy_ObjSetNodeHashNext( pObj, NULL );
+        if ( Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(pObj) == NULL )
+        {
+            assert( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pObj) == NULL );
+            continue;
+        }
+        // recognize the head of the class
+        if ( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext( Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(pObj) ) != NULL )
+            continue;
+        // clean the class representative and add it to the list
+        Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeRepr( pObj, NULL );
+        Ivy_FraigAddClass( &p->lClasses, pObj );
+    }
+    // free the table
+    free( pTable );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Recursively refines the class after simulation.]
+
+  Description [Returns 1 if the class has changed.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigRefineClass_rec( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pClass )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pClassNew, * pListOld, * pListNew, * pNode;
+    int RetValue = 0;
+    // check if there is refinement
+    pListOld = pClass;
+    Ivy_FraigForEachClassNode( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pClass), pClassNew )
+    {
+        if ( !Ivy_NodeCompareSims(p, pClass, pClassNew) )
+        {
+            if ( p->pParams->fPatScores )
+                Ivy_FraigAddToPatScores( p, pClass, pClassNew );
+            break;
+        }
+        pListOld = pClassNew;
+    }
+    if ( pClassNew == NULL )
+        return 0;
+    // set representative of the new class
+    Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeRepr( pClassNew, NULL );
+    // start the new list
+    pListNew = pClassNew;
+    // go through the remaining nodes and sort them into two groups:
+    // (1) matches of the old node; (2) non-matches of the old node
+    Ivy_FraigForEachClassNode( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pClassNew), pNode )
+        if ( Ivy_NodeCompareSims( p, pClass, pNode ) )
+        {
+            Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( pListOld, pNode );
+            pListOld = pNode;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( pListNew, pNode );
+            Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeRepr( pNode, pClassNew );
+            pListNew = pNode;
+        }
+    // finish both lists
+    Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( pListNew, NULL );
+    Ivy_ObjSetClassNodeNext( pListOld, NULL );
+    // update the list of classes
+    Ivy_FraigInsertClass( &p->lClasses, pClass, pClassNew );
+    // if the old class is trivial, remove it
+    if ( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pClass) == NULL )
+        Ivy_FraigRemoveClass( &p->lClasses, pClass );
+    // if the new class is trivial, remove it; otherwise, try to refine it
+    if ( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pClassNew) == NULL )
+        Ivy_FraigRemoveClass( &p->lClasses, pClassNew );
+    else
+        RetValue = Ivy_FraigRefineClass_rec( p, pClassNew );
+    return RetValue + 1;
+}
+ 
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates the counter-example from the successful pattern.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigCheckOutputSimsSavePattern( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj )
+{ 
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    int i, k, BestPat, * pModel;
+    // find the word of the pattern
+    pSims = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSimWords; i++ )
+        if ( pSims->pData[i] )
+            break;
+    assert( i < p->nSimWords );
+    // find the bit of the pattern
+    for ( k = 0; k < 32; k++ )
+        if ( pSims->pData[i] & (1 << k) )
+            break;
+    assert( k < 32 );
+    // determine the best pattern
+    BestPat = i * 32 + k;
+    // fill in the counter-example data
+    pModel = ALLOC( int, Ivy_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+    Ivy_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pModel[i] = Ivy_InfoHasBit(Ivy_ObjSim(pObj)->pData, BestPat);
+//        printf( "%d", pModel[i] );
+    }
+//    printf( "\n" );
+    // set the model
+    assert( p->pManFraig->pData == NULL );
+    p->pManFraig->pData = pModel;
+    return;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if the one of the output is already non-constant 0.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigCheckOutputSims( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    // make sure the reference simulation pattern does not detect the bug
+    pObj = Ivy_ManPo( p->pManAig, 0 );
+    assert( Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj)->fPhase == (unsigned)Ivy_ObjFaninC0(pObj) ); // Ivy_ObjFaninPhase(Ivy_ObjChild0(pObj)) == 0
+    Ivy_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        // complement simulation info
+//        if ( Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj)->fPhase ^ Ivy_ObjFaninC0(pObj) ) // Ivy_ObjFaninPhase(Ivy_ObjChild0(pObj))
+//            Ivy_NodeComplementSim( p, Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj) );
+        // check 
+        if ( !Ivy_NodeHasZeroSim( p, Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj) ) )
+        {
+            // create the counter-example from this pattern
+            Ivy_FraigCheckOutputSimsSavePattern( p, Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj) );
+            return 1;
+        }
+        // complement simulation info
+//        if ( Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj)->fPhase ^ Ivy_ObjFaninC0(pObj) )
+//            Ivy_NodeComplementSim( p, Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj) );
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Refines the classes after simulation.]
+
+  Description [Assumes that simulation info is assigned. Returns the
+  number of classes refined.]
+               
+  SideEffects [Large equivalence class of constant 0 may cause problems.]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigRefineClasses( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pClass, * pClass2;
+    int clk, RetValue, Counter = 0;
+    // check if some outputs already became non-constant
+    // this is a special case when computation can be stopped!!!
+    if ( p->pParams->fProve )
+        Ivy_FraigCheckOutputSims( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+        return 0;
+    // refine the classed
+clk = clock();
+    Ivy_FraigForEachEquivClassSafe( p->lClasses.pHead, pClass, pClass2 )
+    {
+        if ( pClass->fMarkA )
+            continue;
+        RetValue = Ivy_FraigRefineClass_rec( p, pClass );
+        Counter += ( RetValue > 0 );
+//if ( Ivy_ObjIsConst1(pClass) )
+//printf( "%d ", RetValue );
+//if ( Ivy_ObjIsConst1(pClass) )
+//    p->time1 += clock() - clk;
+    }
+p->timeRef += clock() - clk;
+    return Counter;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Print the class.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigPrintClass( Ivy_Obj_t * pClass )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    printf( "Class {" );
+    Ivy_FraigForEachClassNode( pClass, pObj )
+        printf( " %d(%d)%c", pObj->Id, pObj->Level, pObj->fPhase? '+' : '-' );
+    printf( " }\n" );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Count the number of elements in the class.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigCountClassNodes( Ivy_Obj_t * pClass )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int Counter = 0;
+    Ivy_FraigForEachClassNode( pClass, pObj )
+        Counter++;
+    return Counter;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints simulation classes.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigPrintSimClasses( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pClass;
+    Ivy_FraigForEachEquivClass( p->lClasses.pHead, pClass )
+    {
+//        Ivy_FraigPrintClass( pClass );
+        printf( "%d ", Ivy_FraigCountClassNodes( pClass ) );
+    }
+//    printf( "\n" );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Generated const 0 pattern.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSavePattern0( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [[Generated const 1 pattern.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSavePattern1( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0xff, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Generates the counter-example satisfying the miter.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int * Ivy_FraigCreateModel( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    int * pModel;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    pModel = ALLOC( int, Ivy_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+    Ivy_ManForEachPi( p->pManFraig, pObj, i )
+        pModel[i] = ( p->pSat->model.ptr[Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj)] == l_True );
+    return pModel;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Copy pattern from the solver into the internal storage.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSavePattern( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+    Ivy_ManForEachPi( p->pManFraig, pObj, i )
+//    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vPiVars, pObj, i )
+        if ( p->pSat->model.ptr[Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj)] == l_True )
+            Ivy_InfoSetBit( p->pPatWords, i );
+//            Ivy_InfoSetBit( p->pPatWords, pObj->Id - 1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Copy pattern from the solver into the internal storage.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSavePattern2( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+//    Ivy_ManForEachPi( p->pManFraig, pObj, i )
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vPiVars, pObj, i )
+        if ( p->pSat->model.ptr[Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj)] == l_True )
+//            Ivy_InfoSetBit( p->pPatWords, i );
+            Ivy_InfoSetBit( p->pPatWords, pObj->Id - 1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Copy pattern from the solver into the internal storage.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSavePattern3( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nPatWords; i++ )
+        p->pPatWords[i] = Ivy_ObjRandomSim();
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( p->vPiVars, pObj, i )
+        if ( Ivy_InfoHasBit( p->pPatWords, pObj->Id - 1 ) ^ (p->pSat->model.ptr[Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj)] == l_True) )
+            Ivy_InfoXorBit( p->pPatWords, pObj->Id - 1 );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs simulation of the manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSimulate( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    int nChanges, nClasses;
+    // start the classes
+    Ivy_FraigAssignRandom( p );
+    Ivy_FraigSimulateOne( p );
+    Ivy_FraigCreateClasses( p );
+//printf( "Starting classes = %5d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, Ivy_FraigCountPairsClasses(p) );
+    // refine classes by walking 0/1 patterns
+    Ivy_FraigSavePattern0( p );
+    Ivy_FraigAssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+    Ivy_FraigSimulateOne( p );
+    nChanges = Ivy_FraigRefineClasses( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+        return;
+//printf( "Refined classes  = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Ivy_FraigCountPairsClasses(p) );
+    Ivy_FraigSavePattern1( p );
+    Ivy_FraigAssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+    Ivy_FraigSimulateOne( p );
+    nChanges = Ivy_FraigRefineClasses( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+        return;
+//printf( "Refined classes  = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Ivy_FraigCountPairsClasses(p) );
+    // refine classes by random simulation
+    do {
+        Ivy_FraigAssignRandom( p );
+        Ivy_FraigSimulateOne( p );
+        nClasses = p->lClasses.nItems;
+        nChanges = Ivy_FraigRefineClasses( p );
+        if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+            return;
+//printf( "Refined classes  = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Ivy_FraigCountPairsClasses(p) );
+    } while ( (double)nChanges / nClasses > p->pParams->dSimSatur );
+//    Ivy_FraigPrintSimClasses( p );
+}
+
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Cleans pattern scores.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigCleanPatScores( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    int i, nLimit = p->nSimWords * 32;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLimit; i++ )
+        p->pPatScores[i] = 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Adds to pattern scores.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigAddToPatScores( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pClass, Ivy_Obj_t * pClassNew )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims0, * pSims1;
+    unsigned uDiff;
+    int i, w;
+    // get hold of the simulation information
+    pSims0 = Ivy_ObjSim(pClass);
+    pSims1 = Ivy_ObjSim(pClassNew);
+    // iterate through the differences and record the score
+    for ( w = 0; w < p->nSimWords; w++ )
+    {
+        uDiff = pSims0->pData[w] ^ pSims1->pData[w];
+        if ( uDiff == 0 )
+            continue;
+        for ( i = 0; i < 32; i++ )
+            if ( uDiff & ( 1 << i ) )
+                p->pPatScores[w*32+i]++;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Selects the best pattern.]
+
+  Description [Returns 1 if such pattern is found.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigSelectBestPat( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_FraigSim_t * pSims;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, nLimit = p->nSimWords * 32, MaxScore = 0, BestPat = -1;
+    for ( i = 1; i < nLimit; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( MaxScore < p->pPatScores[i] )
+        {
+            MaxScore = p->pPatScores[i];
+            BestPat = i;
+        }
+    }
+    if ( MaxScore == 0 )
+        return 0;
+//    if ( MaxScore > p->pParams->MaxScore )
+//    printf( "Max score is %3d.  ", MaxScore );
+    // copy the best pattern into the selected pattern
+    memset( p->pPatWords, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * p->nPatWords );
+    Ivy_ManForEachPi( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pSims = Ivy_ObjSim(pObj);
+        if ( Ivy_InfoHasBit(pSims->pData, BestPat) )
+            Ivy_InfoSetBit(p->pPatWords, i);
+    }
+    return MaxScore;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Resimulates fraiging manager after finding a counter-example.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigResimulate( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    int nChanges;
+    Ivy_FraigAssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+    Ivy_FraigSimulateOne( p );
+    if ( p->pParams->fPatScores )
+        Ivy_FraigCleanPatScores( p );
+    nChanges = Ivy_FraigRefineClasses( p );
+    if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+        return;
+    if ( nChanges < 1 )
+        printf( "Error: A counter-example did not refine classes!\n" );
+    assert( nChanges >= 1 );
+//printf( "Refined classes! = %5d.   Changes = %4d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges );
+
+    if ( !p->pParams->fPatScores )
+        return;
+
+    // perform additional simulation using dist1 patterns derived from successful patterns
+    while ( Ivy_FraigSelectBestPat(p) > p->pParams->MaxScore )
+    {
+        Ivy_FraigAssignDist1( p, p->pPatWords );
+        Ivy_FraigSimulateOne( p );
+        Ivy_FraigCleanPatScores( p );
+        nChanges = Ivy_FraigRefineClasses( p );
+        if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+            return;
+//printf( "Refined class!!! = %5d.   Changes = %4d.   Pairs = %6d.\n", p->lClasses.nItems, nChanges, Ivy_FraigCountPairsClasses(p) );
+        if ( nChanges == 0 )
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints the status of the miter.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigMiterPrint( Ivy_Man_t * pNtk, char * pString, int clk, int fVerbose )
+{
+    if ( !fVerbose )
+        return;
+    printf( "Nodes = %7d.  Levels = %4d.  ", Ivy_ManNodeNum(pNtk), Ivy_ManLevels(pNtk) );
+    PRT( pString, clock() - clk );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Reports the status of the miter.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( Ivy_Man_t * pMan )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, * pObjNew;
+    int i, CountConst0 = 0, CountNonConst0 = 0, CountUndecided = 0;
+    if ( pMan->pData )
+        return 0;
+    Ivy_ManForEachPo( pMan, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pObjNew = Ivy_ObjChild0(pObj);
+        // check if the output is constant 1
+        if ( pObjNew == pMan->pConst1 )
+        {
+            CountNonConst0++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        // check if the output is constant 0
+        if ( pObjNew == Ivy_Not(pMan->pConst1) )
+        {
+            CountConst0++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        // check if the output can be constant 0
+        if ( Ivy_Regular(pObjNew)->fPhase != (unsigned)Ivy_IsComplement(pObjNew) )
+        {
+            CountNonConst0++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        CountUndecided++;
+    }
+/*
+    if ( p->pParams->fVerbose )
+    {
+        printf( "Miter has %d outputs. ", Ivy_ManPoNum(p->pManAig) );
+        printf( "Const0 = %d.  ", CountConst0 );
+        printf( "NonConst0 = %d.  ", CountNonConst0 );
+        printf( "Undecided = %d.  ", CountUndecided );
+        printf( "\n" );
+    }
+*/
+    if ( CountNonConst0 )
+        return 0;
+    if ( CountUndecided )
+        return -1;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Tries to prove each output of the miter until encountering a sat output.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigMiterProve( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, * pObjNew;
+    int i, RetValue, clk = clock();
+    int fVerbose = 0;
+    Ivy_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( i && fVerbose )
+        {
+            PRT( "Time", clock() -clk );
+        }
+        pObjNew = Ivy_ObjChild0Equiv(pObj);
+        // check if the output is constant 1
+        if ( pObjNew == p->pManFraig->pConst1 )
+        {
+            if ( fVerbose )
+                printf( "Output %2d (out of %2d) is constant 1.  ", i, Ivy_ManPoNum(p->pManAig) );
+            // assing constant 0 model
+            p->pManFraig->pData = ALLOC( int, Ivy_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+            memset( p->pManFraig->pData, 0, sizeof(int) * Ivy_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+            break;
+        }
+        // check if the output is constant 0
+        if ( pObjNew == Ivy_Not(p->pManFraig->pConst1) )
+        {
+            if ( fVerbose )
+                printf( "Output %2d (out of %2d) is already constant 0.  ", i, Ivy_ManPoNum(p->pManAig) );
+            continue;
+        }
+        // check if the output can be constant 0
+        if ( Ivy_Regular(pObjNew)->fPhase != (unsigned)Ivy_IsComplement(pObjNew) )
+        {
+            if ( fVerbose )
+                printf( "Output %2d (out of %2d) cannot be constant 0.  ", i, Ivy_ManPoNum(p->pManAig) );
+            // assing constant 0 model
+            p->pManFraig->pData = ALLOC( int, Ivy_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+            memset( p->pManFraig->pData, 0, sizeof(int) * Ivy_ManPiNum(p->pManFraig) );
+            break;
+        }
+/*
+        // check the representative of this node
+        pRepr = Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj));
+        if ( Ivy_Regular(pRepr) != p->pManAig->pConst1 )
+            printf( "Representative is not constant 1.\n" );
+        else
+            printf( "Representative is constant 1.\n" );
+*/
+        // try to prove the output constant 0
+        RetValue = Ivy_FraigNodeIsConst( p, Ivy_Regular(pObjNew) );
+        if ( RetValue == 1 )  // proved equivalent
+        {
+            if ( fVerbose )
+                printf( "Output %2d (out of %2d) was proved constant 0.  ", i, Ivy_ManPoNum(p->pManAig) );
+            // set the constant miter
+            Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj)->pEquiv = Ivy_NotCond( p->pManFraig->pConst1, !Ivy_ObjFaninC0(pObj) );
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ( RetValue == -1 ) // failed
+        {
+            if ( fVerbose )
+                printf( "Output %2d (out of %2d) has timed out at %d backtracks.  ", i, Ivy_ManPoNum(p->pManAig), p->pParams->nBTLimitMiter );
+            continue;
+        }
+        // proved satisfiable
+        if ( fVerbose )
+            printf( "Output %2d (out of %2d) was proved NOT a constant 0.  ", i, Ivy_ManPoNum(p->pManAig) );
+        // create the model
+        p->pManFraig->pData = Ivy_FraigCreateModel(p);
+        break;
+    }
+    if ( fVerbose )
+    {
+        PRT( "Time", clock() -clk );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs fraiging for the internal nodes.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigSweep( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;//, * pTemp;
+    int i, k = 0;
+p->nClassesZero = p->lClasses.pHead? (Ivy_ObjIsConst1(p->lClasses.pHead) ? Ivy_FraigCountClassNodes(p->lClasses.pHead) : 0) : 0;
+p->nClassesBeg  = p->lClasses.nItems;
+    // duplicate internal nodes
+    p->pProgress = Extra_ProgressBarStart( stdout, Ivy_ManNodeNum(p->pManAig) );
+    Ivy_ManForEachNode( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        Extra_ProgressBarUpdate( p->pProgress, k++, NULL );
+        // default to simple strashing if simulation detected a counter-example for a PO
+        if ( p->pManFraig->pData )
+            pObj->pEquiv = Ivy_And( p->pManFraig, Ivy_ObjChild0Equiv(pObj), Ivy_ObjChild1Equiv(pObj) );
+        else
+            pObj->pEquiv = Ivy_FraigAnd( p, pObj );
+        assert( pObj->pEquiv != NULL );
+//        pTemp = Ivy_Regular(pObj->pEquiv);
+//        assert( Ivy_Regular(pObj->pEquiv)->Type );
+    }
+    Extra_ProgressBarStop( p->pProgress );
+p->nClassesEnd = p->lClasses.nItems;
+    // try to prove the outputs of the miter
+    p->nNodesMiter = Ivy_ManNodeNum(p->pManFraig);
+//    Ivy_FraigMiterStatus( p->pManFraig );
+    if ( p->pParams->fProve && p->pManFraig->pData == NULL )
+        Ivy_FraigMiterProve( p );
+    // add the POs
+    Ivy_ManForEachPo( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        Ivy_ObjCreatePo( p->pManFraig, Ivy_ObjChild0Equiv(pObj) );
+    // clean the old manager
+    Ivy_ManForEachObj( p->pManAig, pObj, i )
+        pObj->pFanout = pObj->pNextFan0 = pObj->pNextFan1 = pObj->pPrevFan0 = pObj->pPrevFan1 = NULL;
+    // clean the new manager
+    Ivy_ManForEachObj( p->pManFraig, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pObj) )
+            Vec_PtrFree( Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pObj) );
+        pObj->pNextFan0 = pObj->pNextFan1 = NULL;
+    }
+    // remove dangling nodes 
+    Ivy_ManCleanup( p->pManFraig );
+    // clean up the class marks
+    Ivy_FraigForEachEquivClass( p->lClasses.pHead, pObj )
+        pObj->fMarkA = 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs fraiging for one node.]
+
+  Description [Returns the fraiged node.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Ivy_Obj_t * Ivy_FraigAnd( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObjOld )
+{ 
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObjNew, * pFanin0New, * pFanin1New, * pObjReprNew;
+    int RetValue;
+    // get the fraiged fanins
+    pFanin0New = Ivy_ObjChild0Equiv(pObjOld);
+    pFanin1New = Ivy_ObjChild1Equiv(pObjOld);
+    // get the candidate fraig node
+    pObjNew = Ivy_And( p->pManFraig, pFanin0New, pFanin1New );
+    // get representative of this class
+    if ( Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(pObjOld) == NULL || // this is a unique node
+         (!p->pParams->fDoSparse && Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(pObjOld) == p->pManAig->pConst1) ) // this is a sparse node
+    {
+        assert( Ivy_Regular(pFanin0New) != Ivy_Regular(pFanin1New) );
+        assert( pObjNew != Ivy_Regular(pFanin0New) );
+        assert( pObjNew != Ivy_Regular(pFanin1New) );
+        return pObjNew;
+    }
+    // get the fraiged representative
+    pObjReprNew = Ivy_ObjFraig(Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(pObjOld));
+    // if the fraiged nodes are the same return
+    if ( Ivy_Regular(pObjNew) == Ivy_Regular(pObjReprNew) )
+        return pObjNew;
+    assert( Ivy_Regular(pObjNew) != Ivy_ManConst1(p->pManFraig) );
+    // they are different (the counter-example is in p->pPatWords)
+    RetValue = Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquiv( p, Ivy_Regular(pObjReprNew), Ivy_Regular(pObjNew) );
+    if ( RetValue == 1 )  // proved equivalent
+    {
+        // mark the class as proved
+        if ( Ivy_ObjClassNodeNext(pObjOld) == NULL )
+            Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(pObjOld)->fMarkA = 1;
+        return Ivy_NotCond( pObjReprNew, pObjOld->fPhase ^ Ivy_ObjClassNodeRepr(pObjOld)->fPhase );
+    }
+    if ( RetValue == -1 ) // failed
+        return pObjNew;
+    // simulate the counter-example and return the new node
+    Ivy_FraigResimulate( p );
+    return pObjNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints variable activity.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigPrintActivity( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p )
+{
+    int i;
+    for ( i = 0; i < p->nSatVars; i++ )
+        printf( "%d %.3f  ", i, p->pSat->activity[i] );
+    printf( "\n" );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Runs equivalence test for the two nodes.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquiv( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pOld, Ivy_Obj_t * pNew )
+{
+    int pLits[4], RetValue, RetValue1, nBTLimit, clk, clk2 = clock();
+
+    // make sure the nodes are not complemented
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pNew) );
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pOld) );
+    assert( pNew != pOld );
+
+    // if at least one of the nodes is a failed node, perform adjustments:
+    // if the backtrack limit is small, simply skip this node
+    // if the backtrack limit is > 10, take the quare root of the limit
+    nBTLimit = p->pParams->nBTLimitNode;
+    if ( nBTLimit > 0 && (pOld->fFailTfo || pNew->fFailTfo) )
+    {
+        p->nSatFails++;
+        // fail immediately
+//        return -1;
+        if ( nBTLimit <= 10 )
+            return -1;
+        nBTLimit = (int)pow(nBTLimit, 0.7);
+    }
+    p->nSatCalls++;
+
+    // make sure the solver is allocated and has enough variables
+    if ( p->pSat == NULL )
+    {
+        p->pSat = sat_solver_new();
+        p->nSatVars = 1;
+        sat_solver_setnvars( p->pSat, 1000 );
+    }
+
+    // if the nodes do not have SAT variables, allocate them
+    Ivy_FraigNodeAddToSolver( p, pOld, pNew );
+
+    // prepare variable activity
+    Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors( p, pOld, pNew ); 
+
+    // solve under assumptions
+    // A = 1; B = 0     OR     A = 1; B = 1 
+clk = clock();
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pOld), 0 );
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNew), pOld->fPhase == pNew->fPhase );
+//Sat_SolverWriteDimacs( p->pSat, "temp.cnf", pLits, pLits + 2, 1 );
+    RetValue1 = sat_solver_solve( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2, 
+        (sint64)nBTLimit, (sint64)0, 
+        p->nBTLimitGlobal, p->nInsLimitGlobal );
+p->timeSat += clock() - clk;
+    if ( RetValue1 == l_False )
+    {
+p->timeSatUnsat += clock() - clk;
+        pLits[0] = lit_neg( pLits[0] );
+        pLits[1] = lit_neg( pLits[1] );
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+        // continue solving the other implication
+        p->nSatCallsUnsat++;
+    }
+    else if ( RetValue1 == l_True )
+    {
+p->timeSatSat += clock() - clk;
+        Ivy_FraigSavePattern( p );
+        p->nSatCallsSat++;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else // if ( RetValue1 == l_Undef )
+    {
+p->timeSatFail += clock() - clk;
+        // mark the node as the failed node
+        if ( pOld != p->pManFraig->pConst1 ) 
+            pOld->fFailTfo = 1;
+        pNew->fFailTfo = 1;
+        p->nSatFailsReal++;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // if the old node was constant 0, we already know the answer
+    if ( pOld == p->pManFraig->pConst1 )
+    {
+        p->nSatProof++;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // solve under assumptions
+    // A = 0; B = 1     OR     A = 0; B = 0 
+clk = clock();
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pOld), 1 );
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNew), pOld->fPhase ^ pNew->fPhase );
+    RetValue1 = sat_solver_solve( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2, 
+        (sint64)nBTLimit, (sint64)0, 
+        p->nBTLimitGlobal, p->nInsLimitGlobal );
+p->timeSat += clock() - clk;
+    if ( RetValue1 == l_False )
+    {
+p->timeSatUnsat += clock() - clk;
+        pLits[0] = lit_neg( pLits[0] );
+        pLits[1] = lit_neg( pLits[1] );
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+        p->nSatCallsUnsat++;
+    }
+    else if ( RetValue1 == l_True )
+    {
+p->timeSatSat += clock() - clk;
+        Ivy_FraigSavePattern( p );
+        p->nSatCallsSat++;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else // if ( RetValue1 == l_Undef )
+    {
+p->timeSatFail += clock() - clk;
+        // mark the node as the failed node
+        pOld->fFailTfo = 1;
+        pNew->fFailTfo = 1;
+        p->nSatFailsReal++;
+        return -1;
+    }
+/*
+    // check BDD proof
+    {
+        int RetVal;
+        PRT( "Sat", clock() - clk2 );
+        clk2 = clock();
+        RetVal = Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquivBdd( pOld, pNew );
+//        printf( "%d ", RetVal );
+        assert( RetVal );
+        PRT( "Bdd", clock() - clk2 );
+        printf( "\n" );
+    }
+*/
+    // return SAT proof
+    p->nSatProof++;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Runs equivalence test for one node.]
+
+  Description [Returns the fraiged node.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigNodeIsConst( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pNew )
+{
+    int pLits[2], RetValue1, RetValue, clk;
+
+    // make sure the nodes are not complemented
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pNew) );
+    assert( pNew != p->pManFraig->pConst1 );
+    p->nSatCalls++;
+
+    // make sure the solver is allocated and has enough variables
+    if ( p->pSat == NULL )
+    {
+        p->pSat = sat_solver_new();
+        p->nSatVars = 1;
+        sat_solver_setnvars( p->pSat, 1000 );
+    }
+
+    // if the nodes do not have SAT variables, allocate them
+    Ivy_FraigNodeAddToSolver( p, NULL, pNew );
+
+    // prepare variable activity
+    Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors( p, NULL, pNew ); 
+
+    // solve under assumptions
+clk = clock();
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNew), pNew->fPhase );
+    RetValue1 = sat_solver_solve( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 1, 
+        (sint64)p->pParams->nBTLimitMiter, (sint64)0, 
+        p->nBTLimitGlobal, p->nInsLimitGlobal );
+p->timeSat += clock() - clk;
+    if ( RetValue1 == l_False )
+    {
+p->timeSatUnsat += clock() - clk;
+        pLits[0] = lit_neg( pLits[0] );
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 1 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+        // continue solving the other implication
+        p->nSatCallsUnsat++;
+    }
+    else if ( RetValue1 == l_True )
+    {
+p->timeSatSat += clock() - clk;
+        if ( p->pPatWords )
+            Ivy_FraigSavePattern( p );
+        p->nSatCallsSat++;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else // if ( RetValue1 == l_Undef )
+    {
+p->timeSatFail += clock() - clk;
+        // mark the node as the failed node
+        pNew->fFailTfo = 1;
+        p->nSatFailsReal++;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // return SAT proof
+    p->nSatProof++;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Addes clauses to the solver.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigAddClausesMux( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pNode )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pNodeI, * pNodeT, * pNodeE;
+    int pLits[4], RetValue, VarF, VarI, VarT, VarE, fCompT, fCompE;
+
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement( pNode ) );
+    assert( Ivy_ObjIsMuxType( pNode ) );
+    // get nodes (I = if, T = then, E = else)
+    pNodeI = Ivy_ObjRecognizeMux( pNode, &pNodeT, &pNodeE );
+    // get the variable numbers
+    VarF = Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNode);
+    VarI = Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNodeI);
+    VarT = Ivy_ObjSatNum(Ivy_Regular(pNodeT));
+    VarE = Ivy_ObjSatNum(Ivy_Regular(pNodeE));
+    // get the complementation flags
+    fCompT = Ivy_IsComplement(pNodeT);
+    fCompE = Ivy_IsComplement(pNodeE);
+
+    // f = ITE(i, t, e)
+
+    // i' + t' + f
+    // i' + t  + f'
+    // i  + e' + f
+    // i  + e  + f'
+
+    // create four clauses
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 1);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarT, 1^fCompT);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 1);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarT, 0^fCompT);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 1);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 0);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 1^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarI, 0);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 0^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 1);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+
+    // two additional clauses
+    // t' & e' -> f'
+    // t  & e  -> f 
+
+    // t  + e   + f'
+    // t' + e'  + f 
+
+    if ( VarT == VarE )
+    {
+//        assert( fCompT == !fCompE );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarT, 0^fCompT);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 0^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 1);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    pLits[0] = toLitCond(VarT, 1^fCompT);
+    pLits[1] = toLitCond(VarE, 1^fCompE);
+    pLits[2] = toLitCond(VarF, 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 3 );
+    assert( RetValue );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Addes clauses to the solver.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigAddClausesSuper( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pNode, Vec_Ptr_t * vSuper )
+{
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pFanin;
+    int * pLits, nLits, RetValue, i;
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pNode) );
+    assert( Ivy_ObjIsNode( pNode ) );
+    // create storage for literals
+    nLits = Vec_PtrSize(vSuper) + 1;
+    pLits = ALLOC( int, nLits );
+    // suppose AND-gate is A & B = C
+    // add !A => !C   or   A + !C
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vSuper, pFanin, i )
+    {
+        pLits[0] = toLitCond(Ivy_ObjSatNum(Ivy_Regular(pFanin)), Ivy_IsComplement(pFanin));
+        pLits[1] = toLitCond(Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNode), 1);
+        RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + 2 );
+        assert( RetValue );
+    }
+    // add A & B => C   or   !A + !B + C
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vSuper, pFanin, i )
+        pLits[i] = toLitCond(Ivy_ObjSatNum(Ivy_Regular(pFanin)), !Ivy_IsComplement(pFanin));
+    pLits[nLits-1] = toLitCond(Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNode), 0);
+    RetValue = sat_solver_addclause( p->pSat, pLits, pLits + nLits );
+    assert( RetValue );
+    free( pLits );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Collects the supergate.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigCollectSuper_rec( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vSuper, int fFirst, int fUseMuxes )
+{
+    // if the new node is complemented or a PI, another gate begins
+    if ( Ivy_IsComplement(pObj) || Ivy_ObjIsPi(pObj) || (!fFirst && Ivy_ObjRefs(pObj) > 1) || 
+         (fUseMuxes && Ivy_ObjIsMuxType(pObj)) )
+    {
+        Vec_PtrPushUnique( vSuper, pObj );
+        return;
+    }
+    // go through the branches
+    Ivy_FraigCollectSuper_rec( Ivy_ObjChild0(pObj), vSuper, 0, fUseMuxes );
+    Ivy_FraigCollectSuper_rec( Ivy_ObjChild1(pObj), vSuper, 0, fUseMuxes );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Collects the supergate.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Vec_Ptr_t * Ivy_FraigCollectSuper( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, int fUseMuxes )
+{
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vSuper;
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    assert( !Ivy_ObjIsPi(pObj) );
+    vSuper = Vec_PtrAlloc( 4 );
+    Ivy_FraigCollectSuper_rec( pObj, vSuper, 1, fUseMuxes );
+    return vSuper;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Updates the solver clause database.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigObjAddToFrontier( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, Vec_Ptr_t * vFrontier )
+{
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    if ( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj) )
+        return;
+    assert( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj) == 0 );
+    assert( Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pObj) == NULL );
+    if ( Ivy_ObjIsConst1(pObj) )
+        return;
+//printf( "Assigning node %d number %d\n", pObj->Id, p->nSatVars );
+    Ivy_ObjSetSatNum( pObj, p->nSatVars++ );
+    if ( Ivy_ObjIsNode(pObj) )
+        Vec_PtrPush( vFrontier, pObj );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Updates the solver clause database.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Ivy_FraigNodeAddToSolver( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pOld, Ivy_Obj_t * pNew )
+{ 
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vFrontier, * vFanins;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pNode, * pFanin;
+    int i, k, fUseMuxes = 1;
+    assert( pOld || pNew );
+    // quit if CNF is ready
+    if ( (!pOld || Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pOld)) && (!pNew || Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pNew)) )
+        return;
+    // start the frontier
+    vFrontier = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    if ( pOld ) Ivy_FraigObjAddToFrontier( p, pOld, vFrontier );
+    if ( pNew ) Ivy_FraigObjAddToFrontier( p, pNew, vFrontier );
+    // explore nodes in the frontier
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFrontier, pNode, i )
+    {
+        // create the supergate
+        assert( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pNode) );
+        assert( Ivy_ObjFaninVec(pNode) == NULL );
+        if ( fUseMuxes && Ivy_ObjIsMuxType(pNode) )
+        {
+            vFanins = Vec_PtrAlloc( 4 );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Ivy_ObjFanin0( Ivy_ObjFanin0(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Ivy_ObjFanin0( Ivy_ObjFanin1(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Ivy_ObjFanin1( Ivy_ObjFanin0(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrPushUnique( vFanins, Ivy_ObjFanin1( Ivy_ObjFanin1(pNode) ) );
+            Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFanins, pFanin, k )
+                Ivy_FraigObjAddToFrontier( p, Ivy_Regular(pFanin), vFrontier );
+            Ivy_FraigAddClausesMux( p, pNode );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            vFanins = Ivy_FraigCollectSuper( pNode, fUseMuxes );
+            Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFanins, pFanin, k )
+                Ivy_FraigObjAddToFrontier( p, Ivy_Regular(pFanin), vFrontier );
+            Ivy_FraigAddClausesSuper( p, pNode, vFanins );
+        }
+        assert( Vec_PtrSize(vFanins) > 1 );
+        Ivy_ObjSetFaninVec( pNode, vFanins );
+    }
+    Vec_PtrFree( vFrontier );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Sets variable activities in the cone.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors_rec( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, int LevelMin, int LevelMax )
+{
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vFanins;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pFanin;
+    int i, Counter = 0;
+    assert( !Ivy_IsComplement(pObj) );
+    assert( Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj) );
+    // skip visited variables
+    if ( Ivy_ObjIsTravIdCurrent(p->pManFraig, pObj) )
+        return 0;
+    Ivy_ObjSetTravIdCurrent(p->pManFraig, pObj);
+    // add the PI to the list
+    if ( pObj->Level <= (unsigned)LevelMin || Ivy_ObjIsPi(pObj) )
+        return 0;
+    // set the factor of this variable
+    // (LevelMax-LevelMin) / (pObj->Level-LevelMin) = p->pParams->dActConeBumpMax / ThisBump
+    p->pSat->factors[Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj)] = p->pParams->dActConeBumpMax * (pObj->Level - LevelMin)/(LevelMax - LevelMin);
+    veci_push(&p->pSat->act_vars, Ivy_ObjSatNum(pObj));
+    // explore the fanins
+    vFanins = Ivy_ObjFaninVec( pObj );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFanins, pFanin, i )
+        Counter += Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors_rec( p, Ivy_Regular(pFanin), LevelMin, LevelMax );
+    return 1 + Counter;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Sets variable activities in the cone.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors( Ivy_FraigMan_t * p, Ivy_Obj_t * pOld, Ivy_Obj_t * pNew )
+{
+    int clk, LevelMin, LevelMax;
+    assert( pOld || pNew );
+clk = clock(); 
+    // reset the active variables
+    veci_resize(&p->pSat->act_vars, 0);
+    // prepare for traversal
+    Ivy_ManIncrementTravId( p->pManFraig );
+    // determine the min and max level to visit
+    assert( p->pParams->dActConeRatio > 0 && p->pParams->dActConeRatio < 1 );
+    LevelMax = IVY_MAX( (pNew ? pNew->Level : 0), (pOld ? pOld->Level : 0) );
+    LevelMin = (int)(LevelMax * (1.0 - p->pParams->dActConeRatio));
+    // traverse
+    if ( pOld && !Ivy_ObjIsConst1(pOld) )
+        Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors_rec( p, pOld, LevelMin, LevelMax );
+    if ( pNew && !Ivy_ObjIsConst1(pNew) )
+        Ivy_FraigSetActivityFactors_rec( p, pNew, LevelMin, LevelMax );
+//Ivy_FraigPrintActivity( p );
+p->timeTrav += clock() - clk;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+#include "cuddInt.h"
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Checks equivalence using BDDs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+DdNode * Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquivBdd_int( DdManager * dd, DdNode * bFunc, Vec_Ptr_t * vFront, int Level )
+{
+    DdNode ** pFuncs;
+    DdNode * bFuncNew;
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vTemp;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj, * pFanin;
+    int i, NewSize;
+    // create new frontier
+    vTemp = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFront, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( (int)pObj->Level != Level )
+        {
+            pObj->fMarkB = 1;
+            pObj->TravId = Vec_PtrSize(vTemp);
+            Vec_PtrPush( vTemp, pObj );
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        pFanin = Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj);
+        if ( pFanin->fMarkB == 0 )
+        {
+            pFanin->fMarkB = 1;
+            pFanin->TravId = Vec_PtrSize(vTemp);
+            Vec_PtrPush( vTemp, pFanin );
+        }
+
+        pFanin = Ivy_ObjFanin1(pObj);
+        if ( pFanin->fMarkB == 0 )
+        {
+            pFanin->fMarkB = 1;
+            pFanin->TravId = Vec_PtrSize(vTemp);
+            Vec_PtrPush( vTemp, pFanin );
+        }
+    }
+    // collect the permutation
+    NewSize = IVY_MAX(dd->size, Vec_PtrSize(vTemp));
+    pFuncs = ALLOC( DdNode *, NewSize );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFront, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( (int)pObj->Level != Level )
+            pFuncs[i] = Cudd_bddIthVar( dd, pObj->TravId );
+        else
+            pFuncs[i] = Cudd_bddAnd( dd, 
+                Cudd_NotCond( Cudd_bddIthVar(dd, Ivy_ObjFanin0(pObj)->TravId), Ivy_ObjFaninC0(pObj) ),
+                Cudd_NotCond( Cudd_bddIthVar(dd, Ivy_ObjFanin1(pObj)->TravId), Ivy_ObjFaninC1(pObj) ) );
+        Cudd_Ref( pFuncs[i] );
+    }
+    // add the remaining vars
+    assert( NewSize == dd->size );
+    for ( i = Vec_PtrSize(vFront); i < dd->size; i++ )
+    {
+        pFuncs[i] = Cudd_bddIthVar( dd, i );
+        Cudd_Ref( pFuncs[i] );
+    }
+
+    // create new
+    bFuncNew = Cudd_bddVectorCompose( dd, bFunc, pFuncs ); Cudd_Ref( bFuncNew );
+    // clean trav Id
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vTemp, pObj, i )
+    {
+        pObj->fMarkB = 0;
+        pObj->TravId = 0;
+    }
+    // deref
+    for ( i = 0; i < dd->size; i++ )
+        Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, pFuncs[i] );
+    free( pFuncs );
+
+    free( vFront->pArray );
+    *vFront = *vTemp;
+
+    vTemp->nCap = vTemp->nSize = 0;
+    vTemp->pArray = NULL;
+    Vec_PtrFree( vTemp );
+
+    Cudd_Deref( bFuncNew );
+    return bFuncNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Checks equivalence using BDDs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquivBdd( Ivy_Obj_t * pObj1, Ivy_Obj_t * pObj2 )
+{
+    static DdManager * dd = NULL;
+    DdNode * bFunc, * bTemp;
+    Vec_Ptr_t * vFront;
+    Ivy_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, RetValue, Iter, Level;
+    // start the manager
+    if ( dd == NULL )
+        dd = Cudd_Init( 50, 0, CUDD_UNIQUE_SLOTS, CUDD_CACHE_SLOTS, 0 );
+    // create front
+    vFront = Vec_PtrAlloc( 100 );
+    Vec_PtrPush( vFront, pObj1 );
+    Vec_PtrPush( vFront, pObj2 );
+    // get the function
+    bFunc = Cudd_bddXor( dd, Cudd_bddIthVar(dd,0), Cudd_bddIthVar(dd,1) );  Cudd_Ref( bFunc );
+    bFunc = Cudd_NotCond( bFunc, pObj1->fPhase != pObj2->fPhase );
+    // try running BDDs
+    for ( Iter = 0; ; Iter++ )
+    {
+        // find max level
+        Level = 0;
+        Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vFront, pObj, i )
+            if ( Level < (int)pObj->Level )
+                Level = (int)pObj->Level;
+        if ( Level == 0 )
+            break;            
+        bFunc = Ivy_FraigNodesAreEquivBdd_int( dd, bTemp = bFunc, vFront, Level ); Cudd_Ref( bFunc );
+        Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bTemp );
+        if ( bFunc == Cudd_ReadLogicZero(dd) ) // proved
+            {printf( "%d", Iter ); break;}
+        if ( Cudd_DagSize(bFunc) > 1000 )
+            {printf( "b" ); break;}
+        if ( dd->size > 120 )
+            {printf( "s" ); break;}
+        if ( Iter > 50 )
+            {printf( "i" ); break;}
+    }
+    if ( bFunc == Cudd_ReadLogicZero(dd) ) // unsat
+        RetValue = 1;
+    else if ( Level == 0 ) // sat
+        RetValue = 0;
+    else 
+        RetValue = -1; // spaceout/timeout
+    Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bFunc );
+    Vec_PtrFree( vFront );
+    return RetValue;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/fra/module.make b/src/aig/fra/module.make
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..934fbdac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/fra/module.make
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+SRC +=    src/aig/fra/fraAnd.c \
+    src/aig/fra/fraClass.c \
+    src/aig/fra/fraCnf.c \
+    src/aig/fra/fraCore.c \
+    src/aig/fra/fraMan.c \
+    src/aig/fra/fraSat.c \
+    src/aig/fra/fraSim.c
diff --git a/src/base/abci/abc.c b/src/base/abci/abc.c
index 36311596..d5bdd444 100644
--- a/src/base/abci/abc.c
+++ b/src/base/abci/abc.c
@@ -331,7 +331,10 @@ void Abc_Init( Abc_Frame_t * pAbc )
 //    Kit_TruthCountMintermsPrecomp();
 //    Kit_DsdPrecompute4Vars();
 
-    Dar_LibStart();
+    {
+        extern void Dar_LibStart();
+        Dar_LibStart();
+    }
 } 
 
 /**Function*************************************************************
@@ -347,7 +350,10 @@ void Abc_Init( Abc_Frame_t * pAbc )
 ***********************************************************************/
 void Abc_End()
 {
-    Dar_LibStop();
+    {
+        extern void Dar_LibStop();
+        Dar_LibStop();
+    }
 
     Abc_NtkFraigStoreClean();
 //    Rwt_Man4ExplorePrint();
@@ -2915,7 +2921,7 @@ int Abc_CommandLutpack( Abc_Frame_t * pAbc, int argc, char ** argv )
     memset( pPars, 0, sizeof(Lut_Par_t) );
     pPars->nLutsMax     =  4; // (N) the maximum number of LUTs in the structure
     pPars->nLutsOver    =  3; // (Q) the maximum number of LUTs not in the MFFC
-    pPars->nVarsShared  =  0; // (S) the maximum number of shared variables (crossbars)
+    pPars->nVarsShared  =  3; // (S) the maximum number of shared variables (crossbars)
     pPars->nGrowthLevel =  1;
     pPars->fSatur       =  1;
     pPars->fZeroCost    =  0; 
@@ -5942,6 +5948,7 @@ int Abc_CommandTest( Abc_Frame_t * pAbc, int argc, char ** argv )
     extern void Abc_NtkCompareSupports( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk );
     extern void Abc_NtkCompareCones( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk );
     extern Abc_Ntk_t * Abc_NtkDar( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk );
+    extern Abc_Ntk_t * Abc_NtkDarToCnf( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk, char * pFileName );
 
     pNtk = Abc_FrameReadNtk(pAbc);
     pOut = Abc_FrameReadOut(pAbc);
@@ -6057,7 +6064,8 @@ int Abc_CommandTest( Abc_Frame_t * pAbc, int argc, char ** argv )
         fprintf( pErr, "Network should be strashed. Command has failed.\n" );
         return 1;
     }
-    pNtkRes = Abc_NtkDar( pNtk );
+//    pNtkRes = Abc_NtkDar( pNtk );
+    pNtkRes = Abc_NtkDarToCnf( pNtk, "any.cnf" );
     if ( pNtkRes == NULL )
     {
         fprintf( pErr, "Command has failed.\n" );
diff --git a/src/base/abci/abcDar.c b/src/base/abci/abcDar.c
index a936f9bf..c2988cbb 100644
--- a/src/base/abci/abcDar.c
+++ b/src/base/abci/abcDar.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "abc.h"
 #include "dar.h"
+#include "cnf.h"
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
@@ -317,6 +318,130 @@ Dar_CnfFree( pCnf );
 }
 
 
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Gives the current ABC network to AIG manager for processing.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Abc_Ntk_t * Abc_NtkConstructFromCnf( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk, Cnf_Man_t * p, Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped )
+{
+    Abc_Ntk_t * pNtkNew;
+    Abc_Obj_t * pNode, * pNodeNew;
+    Dar_Obj_t * pObj, * pLeaf;
+    Cnf_Cut_t * pCut;
+    Vec_Int_t * vCover;
+    unsigned uTruth;
+    int i, k, nDupGates;
+    // create the new network
+    pNtkNew = Abc_NtkStartFrom( pNtk, ABC_NTK_LOGIC, ABC_FUNC_SOP );
+    // make the mapper point to the new network
+    Dar_ManConst1(p->pManAig)->pData = Abc_NtkCreateNodeConst1(pNtkNew);
+    Abc_NtkForEachCi( pNtk, pNode, i )
+        Dar_ManPi(p->pManAig, i)->pData = pNode->pCopy;
+    // process the nodes in topological order
+    vCover = Vec_IntAlloc( 1 << 16 );
+    Vec_PtrForEachEntry( vMapped, pObj, i )
+    {
+        // create new node
+        pNodeNew = Abc_NtkCreateNode( pNtkNew );
+        // add fanins according to the cut
+        pCut = pObj->pData;
+        Cnf_CutForEachLeaf( p->pManAig, pCut, pLeaf, k )
+            Abc_ObjAddFanin( pNodeNew, pLeaf->pData );
+        // add logic function
+        if ( pCut->nFanins < 5 )
+        {
+            uTruth = 0xFFFF & *Cnf_CutTruth(pCut);
+            Cnf_SopConvertToVector( p->pSops[uTruth], p->pSopSizes[uTruth], vCover );
+            pNodeNew->pData = Abc_SopCreateFromIsop( pNtkNew->pManFunc, pCut->nFanins, vCover );
+        }
+        else
+            pNodeNew->pData = Abc_SopCreateFromIsop( pNtkNew->pManFunc, pCut->nFanins, pCut->vIsop[1] );
+        // save the node
+        pObj->pData = pNodeNew;
+    }
+    Vec_IntFree( vCover );
+    // add the CO drivers
+    Abc_NtkForEachCo( pNtk, pNode, i )
+    {
+        pObj = Dar_ManPo(p->pManAig, i);
+        pNodeNew = Abc_ObjNotCond( Dar_ObjFanin0(pObj)->pData, Dar_ObjFaninC0(pObj) );
+        Abc_ObjAddFanin( pNode->pCopy, pNodeNew );
+    }
+
+    // remove the constant node if not used
+    pNodeNew = (Abc_Obj_t *)Dar_ManConst1(p->pManAig)->pData;
+    if ( Abc_ObjFanoutNum(pNodeNew) == 0 )
+        Abc_NtkDeleteObj( pNodeNew );
+    // minimize the node
+//    Abc_NtkSweep( pNtkNew, 0 );
+    // decouple the PO driver nodes to reduce the number of levels
+    nDupGates = Abc_NtkLogicMakeSimpleCos( pNtkNew, 1 );
+//    if ( nDupGates && If_ManReadVerbose(pIfMan) )
+//        printf( "Duplicated %d gates to decouple the CO drivers.\n", nDupGates );
+    if ( !Abc_NtkCheck( pNtkNew ) )
+        fprintf( stdout, "Abc_NtkConstructFromCnf(): Network check has failed.\n" );
+    return pNtkNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Gives the current ABC network to AIG manager for processing.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Abc_Ntk_t * Abc_NtkDarToCnf( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk, char * pFileName )
+{
+    Abc_Ntk_t * pNtkNew = NULL;
+    Cnf_Man_t * pCnf;
+    Dar_Man_t * pMan;
+    Cnf_Dat_t * pData;
+    assert( Abc_NtkIsStrash(pNtk) );
+    // convert to the AIG manager
+    pMan = Abc_NtkToDar( pNtk );
+    if ( pMan == NULL )
+        return NULL;
+    if ( !Dar_ManCheck( pMan ) )
+    {
+        printf( "Abc_NtkDarToCnf: AIG check has failed.\n" );
+        Dar_ManStop( pMan );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    // perform balance
+    Dar_ManPrintStats( pMan );
+
+    // derive CNF
+    pCnf = Cnf_ManStart();
+    pData = Cnf_Derive( pCnf, pMan );
+
+    {
+        Vec_Ptr_t * vMapped;
+        vMapped = Cnf_ManScanMapping( pCnf, 1 );
+        pNtkNew = Abc_NtkConstructFromCnf( pNtk, pCnf, vMapped );
+        Vec_PtrFree( vMapped );
+    }
+
+    Dar_ManStop( pMan );
+    Cnf_ManStop( pCnf );
+
+    // write CNF into a file
+//    Cnf_DataWriteIntoFile( pData, pFileName );
+    Cnf_DataFree( pData );
+
+    return pNtkNew;
+}
+
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///                       END OF FILE                                ///
diff --git a/src/base/abci/abcDsdRes.c b/src/base/abci/abcDsdRes.c
index 83e1c241..3aa71a15 100644
--- a/src/base/abci/abcDsdRes.c
+++ b/src/base/abci/abcDsdRes.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ struct Lut_Man_t_
     Vec_Int_t *  vCover; 
     Vec_Vec_t *  vLevels;
     // temporary variables
+    int          fCofactoring;          // working in the cofactoring mode
     int          pRefs[LUT_SIZE_MAX];   // fanin reference counters 
     int          pCands[LUT_SIZE_MAX];  // internal nodes pointing only to the leaves
     // truth table representation
@@ -106,6 +107,8 @@ static inline int         If_IsComplement( If_Obj_t * p )   { return (int )(((un
 
 extern void Res_UpdateNetworkLevel( Abc_Obj_t * pObjNew, Vec_Vec_t * vLevels );
 
+static If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMapMulti( Lut_Man_t * p, unsigned * pTruth, int nLeaves, If_Obj_t ** ppLeaves );
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -1003,62 +1006,81 @@ If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMap_New_rec( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int iLit
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-/*
 int Abc_LutFindBestCofactoring( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
 {
-    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk0, * pNtk1, * pTemp;
-//    Kit_DsdObj_t * pRoot;
-    unsigned * pCofs2[2] = { pNtk->pMem, pNtk->pMem + Kit_TruthWordNum(pNtk->nVars) };
-    unsigned i, * pTruth;
-    int MaxBlock
-        Verbose = 0;
-    int RetValue = 0;
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk0, * pNtk1;//, * pTemp;
+    unsigned * pCofs2[3] = { pNtk->pMem, pNtk->pMem + Kit_TruthWordNum(pNtk->nVars), pNtk->pMem + 2 * Kit_TruthWordNum(pNtk->nVars) };
+    int i, MaxBlock0, MaxBlock1, MaxBlockBest = 1000, VarBest = -1;
+    int fVerbose = 1;
 
     if ( fVerbose )
     {
-        printf( "Function: " );
+//        printf( "Function: " );
 //        Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, pTruth, (1 << nVars) ); 
-        Extra_PrintHexadecimal( stdout, pTruth, nVars ); 
+//        Extra_PrintHexadecimal( stdout, pTruth, nVars ); 
+        printf( "\n" );
         printf( "\n" );
+        printf( "V =%2d: ", pNtk->nVars );
         Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
     }
     for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
     {
         Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs2[0], pTruth, nVars, i );
-        pNtk0 = Kit_DsdDecompose( pCofs2[0], nVars );
-        pNtk0 = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk0 );
-        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+        Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs2[1], pTruth, nVars, i );
+        Kit_TruthXor( pCofs2[2], pCofs2[0], pCofs2[1], nVars ); 
 
+        pNtk0 = Kit_DsdDecompose( pCofs2[0], nVars );
+        MaxBlock0 = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax( pNtk0 );
+//        pNtk0 = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk0 );
+//        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
         if ( fVerbose )
         {
+            printf( "Variable %2d: Diff = %6d.\n", i, Kit_TruthCountOnes(pCofs2[2], nVars) );
+
             printf( "Cof%d0: ", i );
             Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk0 );
         }
 
-        Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs2[1], pTruth, nVars, i );
         pNtk1 = Kit_DsdDecompose( pCofs2[1], nVars );
-        pNtk1 = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk1 );
-        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
-
+        MaxBlock1 = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax( pNtk1 );
+//        pNtk1 = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk1 );
+//        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
         if ( fVerbose )
         {
             printf( "Cof%d1: ", i );
             Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk1 );
         }
 
-        if ( Kit_DsdCheckVar4Dec2( pNtk0, pNtk1 ) )
-            RetValue = 1;
+        if ( fVerbose )
+        {
+            printf( "MaxBlock0 = %2d. MaxBlock1 = %2d. ", MaxBlock0, MaxBlock1 );
+            if ( MaxBlock0 < p->pPars->nLutSize && MaxBlock1 < p->pPars->nLutSize )
+                printf( "  feasible\n" );
+            else
+                printf( "infeasible\n" );
+        }
+
+        if ( MaxBlock0 < p->pPars->nLutSize && MaxBlock1 < p->pPars->nLutSize )
+        {
+            if ( MaxBlockBest > ABC_MAX(MaxBlock0, MaxBlock1) )
+            {
+                MaxBlockBest = ABC_MAX(MaxBlock0, MaxBlock1);
+                VarBest = i;
+            }
+        }
 
         Kit_DsdNtkFree( pNtk0 );
         Kit_DsdNtkFree( pNtk1 );
     }
     if ( fVerbose )
+    {
+        printf( "Best variable = %d.\n", VarBest ); 
         printf( "\n" );
-
-    return RetValue;
-    
+    }
+    return VarBest;
+   
 }
-*/
+
 /**Function*************************************************************
 
   Synopsis    [Prepares the mapping manager.]
@@ -1070,7 +1092,7 @@ int Abc_LutFindBestCofactoring( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * p
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int iLit )
+If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int iLit, If_Obj_t * pResult )
 {
     Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
     Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
@@ -1092,8 +1114,8 @@ If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int iLit )
     if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
     {
         assert( pObj->nFans == 2 );
-        pFansNew[0] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[0] );
-        pFansNew[1] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[1] );
+        pFansNew[0] = pResult? pResult : Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[0], NULL );
+        pFansNew[1] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[1], NULL );
         if ( pFansNew[0] == NULL || pFansNew[1] == NULL )
             return NULL;
         pObjNew = If_ManCreateAnd( p->pIfMan, If_Regular(pFansNew[0]), If_IsComplement(pFansNew[0]), If_Regular(pFansNew[1]), If_IsComplement(pFansNew[1]) ); 
@@ -1102,8 +1124,8 @@ If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int iLit )
     if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
     {
         assert( pObj->nFans == 2 );
-        pFansNew[0] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[0] );
-        pFansNew[1] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[1] );
+        pFansNew[0] = pResult? pResult : Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[0], NULL );
+        pFansNew[1] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pObj->pFans[1], NULL );
         if ( pFansNew[0] == NULL || pFansNew[1] == NULL )
             return NULL;
         fCompl ^= 1 ^ If_IsComplement(pFansNew[0]) ^ If_IsComplement(pFansNew[1]);
@@ -1116,11 +1138,22 @@ If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int iLit )
     // solve for the inputs
     Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
     {
-        pFansNew[i] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, iLitFanin );
+        if ( i == 0 )
+            pFansNew[i] = pResult? pResult : Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, iLitFanin, NULL );
+        else
+            pFansNew[i] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, iLitFanin, NULL );
         if ( pFansNew[i] == NULL )
             return NULL;
     }
 
+    // find best cofactoring variable
+//    if ( pObj->nFans > 3 )
+//        Kit_DsdCofactoring( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans, NULL, 4, 1 );
+    if ( !p->fCofactoring && p->pPars->nVarsShared > 0 && (int)pObj->nFans > p->pPars->nLutSize )
+//        return Abc_LutIfManMapMulti( p, Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans, pFansNew );
+        Abc_LutIfManMapMulti( p, Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans, pFansNew );
+
+
     // derive the factored form
     pGraph = Kit_TruthToGraph( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans, p->vCover );
     if ( pGraph == NULL )
@@ -1194,7 +1227,7 @@ int Abc_LutCutUpdate( Lut_Man_t * p, Lut_Cut_t * pCut, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
     If_ManSetupCiCutSets( p->pIfMan );
     // create the internal nodes
 //    pDriver = Abc_LutIfManMap_New_rec( p, pNtk, pNtk->Root );
-    pDriver = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pNtk->Root );
+    pDriver = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, pNtk, pNtk->Root, NULL );
     if ( pDriver == NULL )
         return 0;
     // create the PO node
@@ -1460,6 +1493,280 @@ int Abc_LutResynthesize( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk, Lut_Par_t * pPars )
     return 1;
 }
 
+
+
+
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Records variable order.]
+
+  Description [Increaments Order[x][y] by 1 if x should be above y in the DSD.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Abc_LutCreateVarOrder( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, char pTable[][16] )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned uSuppFanins, k;
+    int Above[16], Below[16];
+    int nAbove, nBelow, iFaninLit, i, x, y;
+    // iterate through the nodes
+    Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( pNtk, pObj, i )
+    {
+        // collect fanin support of this node
+        nAbove = 0;
+        uSuppFanins = 0;
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iFaninLit, k )
+        {
+            if ( Kit_DsdLitIsLeaf( pNtk, iFaninLit ) )
+                Above[nAbove++] = Kit_DsdLit2Var(iFaninLit);
+            else
+                uSuppFanins |= Kit_DsdLitSupport( pNtk, iFaninLit );
+        }
+        // find the below variables
+        nBelow = 0;
+        for ( y = 0; y < 16; y++ )
+            if ( uSuppFanins & (1 << y) )
+                Below[nBelow++] = y;
+        // create all pairs
+        for ( x = 0; x < nAbove; x++ )
+            for ( y = 0; y < nBelow; y++ )
+                pTable[Above[x]][Below[y]]++;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates commmon variable order.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Abc_LutCreateCommonOrder( char pTable[][16], int pOrder[], int nLeaves )
+{
+    int Score[16] = {0};
+    int i, y, x;
+    // compute scores for each leaf
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLeaves; i++ )
+    {
+        for ( y = 0; y < nLeaves; y++ )
+            Score[i] += pTable[i][y];
+        for ( x = 0; x < nLeaves; x++ )
+            Score[i] -= pTable[x][i];
+    }
+/*
+    printf( "Scores: " );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLeaves; i++ )
+        printf( "%d ", Score[i] );
+    printf( "\n" );
+*/
+    // sort the scores
+    Extra_BubbleSort( pOrder, Score, nLeaves, 0 );
+/*
+    printf( "Scores: " );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLeaves; i++ )
+        printf( "%d ", Score[pOrder[i]] );
+    printf( "\n" );
+*/
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prepares the mapping manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMapMulti_rec( Lut_Man_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t ** ppNtks, int * piLits, int * piCofVar, int nCBars, If_Obj_t ** ppLeaves, int nLeaves, int * pOrder )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    If_Obj_t * pObjsNew[4][8], * pResPrev;
+    unsigned uSupps[8], uSuppFanin;
+    int piLitsNew[8], pDecision[8] = {0};
+    int i, v, k, nSize = (1 << nCBars);
+
+    // find which of the variables is highest in the order
+
+    // go though non-trivial components
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( piLits[i] == -1 )
+            continue;
+        pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( ppNtks[i], Kit_DsdLit2Var(piLits[i]) );
+        uSuppFanin = pObj? Kit_DsdLitSupport( ppNtks[i], pObj->pFans[0] ) : 0;
+        uSupps[i] = Kit_DsdLitSupport( ppNtks[i], piLits[i] ) & ~uSuppFanin;
+    }
+    // find the variable that appears the highest in the order
+    for ( v = 0; v < nLeaves; v++ )
+    {
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+            if ( uSupps[i] & (1 << pOrder[v]) )
+                break;
+    }
+    assert( v < nLeaves );
+    // pull out all components that have this variable
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        pDecision[i] = ( uSupps[i] & (1 << pOrder[v]) );
+
+
+    // iterate over the nodes
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( ppNtks[i], Kit_DsdLit2Var(piLits[i]) );
+        if ( pDecision[i] )
+            piLitsNew[i] = pObj->pFans[0];
+        else
+            piLitsNew[i] = piLits[i];
+    }
+
+    // call again
+    pResPrev = Abc_LutIfManMapMulti_rec( p, ppNtks, piLitsNew, piCofVar, nCBars, ppLeaves, nLeaves, pOrder );
+
+    // create new set of nodes
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pDecision[i] )
+            pObjsNew[nCBars][i] = Abc_LutIfManMap_rec( p, ppNtks[i], piLits[i], pResPrev );
+        else
+            pObjsNew[nCBars][i] = pResPrev;
+    }
+
+    // create MUX using these outputs
+    for ( k = nCBars; k > 0; k-- )
+    {
+        nSize /= 2;
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+            pObjsNew[k-1][i] = If_ManCreateMnux( p->pIfMan, pObjsNew[k][2*i+0], pObjsNew[k][2*i+1], ppLeaves[piCofVar[k-1]] );
+    }
+    assert( nCBars == 1 && nSize == 1 );
+    return If_NotCond( pObjsNew[0][0], nCBars & 1 );  
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prepares the mapping manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+If_Obj_t * Abc_LutIfManMapMulti( Lut_Man_t * p, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, If_Obj_t ** ppLeaves )
+{
+    If_Obj_t * pResult;
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * ppNtks[8] = {0}, * pTemp;
+    int piCofVar[4], pOrder[16] = {0}, pPrios[16], pFreqs[16] = {0}, piLits[16];
+    int i, k, nCBars, nSize, nMemSize;
+    unsigned * ppCofs[4][8], uSupport;
+    char pTable[16][16] = {0};
+    int fVerbose = 1;
+
+    // allocate storage for cofactors
+    nMemSize = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars);
+    ppCofs[0][0] = ALLOC( unsigned, 32 * nMemSize );
+    nSize = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+    for ( k = 0; k < 8; k++ )
+        ppCofs[i][k] = ppCofs[0][0] + nMemSize * nSize++;
+    assert( nSize == 32 );
+
+    // find the best cofactoring variables
+    nCBars = Kit_DsdCofactoring( pTruth, nVars, piCofVar, p->pPars->nVarsShared, 0 );
+
+    // copy the function
+    Kit_TruthCopy( ppCofs[0][0], pTruth, nVars );
+
+    // decompose w.r.t. these variables
+    for ( k = 0; k < nCBars; k++ )
+    {
+        nSize = (1 << k);
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+        }
+    }
+    nSize = (1 << nCBars);
+    // compute variable frequences
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        uSupport = Kit_TruthSupport( ppCofs[nCBars][i], nVars );
+        for ( k = 0; k < nVars; k++ )
+            if ( uSupport & (1<<k) )
+                pFreqs[k]++;
+    }
+    // compute DSD networks
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nCBars][i], nVars );
+        ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[i] );
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+        if ( fVerbose )
+        {
+            printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nCBars, i );
+            Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[i] );
+        }
+    }
+    free( ppCofs[0][0] );
+
+    // find common variable order
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        Kit_DsdGetSupports( ppNtks[i] );
+        Abc_LutCreateVarOrder( ppNtks[i], pTable );
+    }
+    Abc_LutCreateCommonOrder( pTable, pOrder, nVars );
+
+    printf( "Common variable order: " );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+        printf( "%c ", 'a' + pOrder[i] );
+    printf( "\n" );
+
+    // derive variable priority
+    for ( i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
+        pPrios[i] = 16;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+        pPrios[pOrder[i]] = i;
+
+    // transform all networks according to the variable order
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdShrink( pTemp = ppNtks[i], pPrios );
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+        Kit_DsdGetSupports( ppNtks[i] );
+        // undec nodes should be rotated in such a way that the first input has as many shared inputs as possible
+        Kit_DsdRotate( ppNtks[i], pFreqs );
+        // collect the roots
+        piLits[i] = ppNtks[i]->Root;
+    }
+/*
+    p->fCofactoring = 1;
+    pResult = Abc_LutIfManMapMulti_rec( p, ppNtks[nCBars], piLits, piCofVar, nCBars, ppLeaves, nVars, pOrder );
+    p->fCofactoring = 0;
+*/
+    // free the networks
+    for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
+        if ( ppNtks[i] )
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[i] );
+
+    return pResult;
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///                       END OF FILE                                ///
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/src/base/io/io.c b/src/base/io/io.c
index 09d1a8a5..e1d4de97 100644
--- a/src/base/io/io.c
+++ b/src/base/io/io.c
@@ -1414,13 +1414,19 @@ int IoCommandWriteCnf( Abc_Frame_t * pAbc, int argc, char **argv )
     char * pFileName;
     int c;
     int fAllPrimes;
+    int fNewAlgo;
+    extern Abc_Ntk_t * Abc_NtkDarToCnf( Abc_Ntk_t * pNtk, char * pFileName );
 
+    fNewAlgo = 1;
     fAllPrimes = 0;
     Extra_UtilGetoptReset();
-    while ( ( c = Extra_UtilGetopt( argc, argv, "ph" ) ) != EOF )
+    while ( ( c = Extra_UtilGetopt( argc, argv, "nph" ) ) != EOF )
     {
         switch ( c )
         {
+            case 'n':
+                fNewAlgo ^= 1;
+                break;
             case 'p':
                 fAllPrimes ^= 1;
                 break;
@@ -1441,15 +1447,18 @@ int IoCommandWriteCnf( Abc_Frame_t * pAbc, int argc, char **argv )
         printf( "Warning: Selected option to write all primes has no effect when deriving CNF from AIG.\n" );
     }
     // call the corresponding file writer
-    if ( fAllPrimes )
+    if ( fNewAlgo )
+        Abc_NtkDarToCnf( pAbc->pNtkCur, pFileName );
+    else if ( fAllPrimes )
         Io_WriteCnf( pAbc->pNtkCur, pFileName, 1 );
     else
         Io_Write( pAbc->pNtkCur, pFileName, IO_FILE_CNF );
     return 0;
 
 usage:
-    fprintf( pAbc->Err, "usage: write_cnf [-ph] <file>\n" );
+    fprintf( pAbc->Err, "usage: write_cnf [-nph] <file>\n" );
     fprintf( pAbc->Err, "\t         write the miter cone into a CNF file\n" );
+    fprintf( pAbc->Err, "\t-n     : toggle using new algorithm [default = %s]\n", fNewAlgo? "yes" : "no" );
     fprintf( pAbc->Err, "\t-p     : toggle using all primes to enhance implicativity [default = %s]\n", fAllPrimes? "yes" : "no" );
     fprintf( pAbc->Err, "\t-h     : print the help massage\n" );
     fprintf( pAbc->Err, "\tfile   : the name of the file to write\n" );
diff --git a/src/map/if/if.h b/src/map/if/if.h
index cdf9e1c7..a5aa3356 100644
--- a/src/map/if/if.h
+++ b/src/map/if/if.h
@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@ extern If_Obj_t *      If_ManCreateCi( If_Man_t * p );
 extern If_Obj_t *      If_ManCreateCo( If_Man_t * p, If_Obj_t * pDriver, int fCompl0 );
 extern If_Obj_t *      If_ManCreateAnd( If_Man_t * p, If_Obj_t * pFan0, int fCompl0, If_Obj_t * pFan1, int fCompl1 );
 extern If_Obj_t *      If_ManCreateXnor( If_Man_t * p, If_Obj_t * pFan0, If_Obj_t * pFan1 );
+extern If_Obj_t *      If_ManCreateMnux( If_Man_t * p, If_Obj_t * pFan0, If_Obj_t * pFan1, If_Obj_t * pCtrl );
 extern void            If_ManCreateChoice( If_Man_t * p, If_Obj_t * pRepr );
 extern void            If_ManSetupCutTriv( If_Man_t * p, If_Cut_t * pCut, int ObjId );
 extern void            If_ManSetupCiCutSets( If_Man_t * p );
diff --git a/src/map/if/ifMan.c b/src/map/if/ifMan.c
index 00a5b228..923dd7d5 100644
--- a/src/map/if/ifMan.c
+++ b/src/map/if/ifMan.c
@@ -237,6 +237,25 @@ If_Obj_t * If_ManCreateXnor( If_Man_t * p, If_Obj_t * pFan0, If_Obj_t * pFan1 )
 
 /**Function*************************************************************
 
+  Synopsis    [Create the new node assuming it does not exist.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+If_Obj_t * If_ManCreateMnux( If_Man_t * p, If_Obj_t * pFan0, If_Obj_t * pFan1, If_Obj_t * pCtrl )
+{
+    If_Obj_t * pRes1, * pRes2;
+    pRes1 = If_ManCreateAnd( p, pFan0, 0, pCtrl, 1 );
+    pRes2 = If_ManCreateAnd( p, pFan1, 0, pCtrl, 0 );
+    return If_ManCreateAnd( p, pRes1, 1, pRes2, 1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
   Synopsis    [Creates the choice node.]
 
   Description [Should be called after the equivalence class nodes are linked.]
diff --git a/src/misc/extra/extra.h b/src/misc/extra/extra.h
index 5a98348a..314257a2 100644
--- a/src/misc/extra/extra.h
+++ b/src/misc/extra/extra.h
@@ -405,6 +405,8 @@ extern void **     Extra_ArrayAlloc( int nCols, int nRows, int Size );
 extern unsigned short ** Extra_TruthPerm43();
 extern unsigned ** Extra_TruthPerm53();
 extern unsigned ** Extra_TruthPerm54();
+/* bubble sort for small number of entries */
+extern void        Extra_BubbleSort( int Order[], int Costs[], int nSize, int fIncreasing );
 /* for independence from CUDD */
 extern unsigned int Cudd_PrimeCopy( unsigned int  p );
 
diff --git a/src/misc/extra/extraUtilMisc.c b/src/misc/extra/extraUtilMisc.c
index f62de314..dff774bc 100644
--- a/src/misc/extra/extraUtilMisc.c
+++ b/src/misc/extra/extraUtilMisc.c
@@ -2070,6 +2070,55 @@ unsigned ** Extra_Truths8()
 
 /**Function*************************************************************
 
+  Synopsis    [Bubble-sorts components by scores in increasing order.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Extra_BubbleSort( int Order[], int Costs[], int nSize, int fIncreasing )
+{
+    int i, Temp, fChanges;
+    assert( nSize < 1000 );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        Order[i] = i;
+    if ( fIncreasing )
+    {
+        do {
+            fChanges = 0;
+            for ( i = 0; i < nSize - 1; i++ )
+            {
+                if ( Costs[Order[i]] <= Costs[Order[i+1]] )
+                    continue;
+                Temp = Order[i];
+                Order[i] = Order[i+1];
+                Order[i+1] = Temp;
+                fChanges = 1;
+            }
+        } while ( fChanges );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        do {
+            fChanges = 0;
+            for ( i = 0; i < nSize - 1; i++ )
+            {
+                if ( Costs[Order[i]] >= Costs[Order[i+1]] )
+                    continue;
+                Temp = Order[i];
+                Order[i] = Order[i+1];
+                Order[i+1] = Temp;
+                fChanges = 1;
+            }
+        } while ( fChanges );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
   Synopsis    [Returns the smallest prime larger than the number.]
 
   Description []
@@ -2104,7 +2153,6 @@ unsigned int Cudd_PrimeCopy( unsigned int  p)
 
 } /* end of Cudd_Prime */
 
-
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Definition of internal functions                                          */
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
diff --git a/src/misc/vec/vecInt.h b/src/misc/vec/vecInt.h
index f992c3cc..5c4a5ab9 100644
--- a/src/misc/vec/vecInt.h
+++ b/src/misc/vec/vecInt.h
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ static inline Vec_Int_t * Vec_IntDup( Vec_Int_t * pVec )
     Vec_Int_t * p;
     p = ALLOC( Vec_Int_t, 1 );
     p->nSize  = pVec->nSize;
-    p->nCap   = pVec->nCap;
+    p->nCap   = pVec->nSize;
     p->pArray = p->nCap? ALLOC( int, p->nCap ) : NULL;
     memcpy( p->pArray, pVec->pArray, sizeof(int) * pVec->nSize );
     return p;
diff --git a/src/opt/kit/kit.h b/src/opt/kit/kit.h
index 4535244b..a0552b19 100644
--- a/src/opt/kit/kit.h
+++ b/src/opt/kit/kit.h
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ struct Kit_DsdNtk_t_
     unsigned char  nNodes;          // the number of nodes
     unsigned char  Root;            // the root of the tree
     unsigned *     pMem;            // memory for the truth tables (memory manager?)
+    unsigned *     pSupps;          // supports of the nodes
     Kit_DsdObj_t * pNodes[0];       // the nodes
 };
 
@@ -142,8 +143,10 @@ static inline int             Kit_DsdLitRegular( int Lit )           { return Li
  
 static inline unsigned        Kit_DsdObjOffset( int nFans )          { return (nFans >> 2) + ((nFans & 3) > 0);                    }
 static inline unsigned *      Kit_DsdObjTruth( Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj ) { return pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME ? (unsigned *)pObj->pFans + pObj->Offset: NULL; }
-static inline Kit_DsdObj_t *  Kit_DsdNtkObj( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id )  { assert( Id >= 0 && Id < pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes ); return Id < pNtk->nVars ? NULL : pNtk->pNodes[Id - pNtk->nVars]; }
-static inline Kit_DsdObj_t *  Kit_DsdNtkRoot( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )  { return Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root) );   }
+static inline Kit_DsdObj_t *  Kit_DsdNtkObj( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id )      { assert( Id >= 0 && Id < pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes ); return Id < pNtk->nVars ? NULL : pNtk->pNodes[Id - pNtk->nVars]; }
+static inline Kit_DsdObj_t *  Kit_DsdNtkRoot( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )             { return Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root) );                      }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdLitIsLeaf( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Lit )   { int Id = Kit_DsdLit2Var(Lit); assert( Id >= 0 && Id < pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes ); return Id < pNtk->nVars; }
+static inline unsigned        Kit_DsdLitSupport( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Lit )  { int Id = Kit_DsdLit2Var(Lit); assert( Id >= 0 && Id < pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes ); return pNtk->pSupps? (Id < pNtk->nVars? (1 << Id) : pNtk->pSupps[Id - pNtk->nVars]) : 0; }
 
 #define Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( pNtk, pObj, i )                                      \
     for ( i = 0; (i < (pNtk)->nNodes) && ((pObj) = (pNtk)->pNodes[i]); i++ )
@@ -398,6 +401,12 @@ static inline void Kit_TruthAndPhase( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned
             pOut[w] = pIn0[w] & pIn1[w];
     }
 }
+static inline void Kit_TruthMux( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, unsigned * pCtrl, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = (pIn0[w] & ~pCtrl[w]) | (pIn1[w] & pCtrl[w]);
+}
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///                           ITERATORS                              ///
@@ -428,6 +437,11 @@ extern void            Kit_DsdPrint( FILE * pFile, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
 extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdDecompose( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
 extern void            Kit_DsdNtkFree( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
 extern int             Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
+extern void            Kit_DsdGetSupports( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdExpand( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdShrink( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pPrios[] );
+extern void            Kit_DsdRotate( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pFreqs[] );
+extern int             Kit_DsdCofactoring( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pCofVars, int nLimit, int fVerbose );
 /*=== kitFactor.c ==========================================================*/
 extern Kit_Graph_t *   Kit_SopFactor( Vec_Int_t * vCover, int fCompl, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
 /*=== kitGraph.c ==========================================================*/
@@ -478,7 +492,7 @@ extern void            Kit_TruthForall( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
 extern void            Kit_TruthForallNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
 extern void            Kit_TruthForallSet( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned uMask );
 extern void            Kit_TruthUniqueNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
-extern void            Kit_TruthMux( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthMuxVar( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar );
 extern void            Kit_TruthChangePhase( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
 extern int             Kit_TruthMinCofSuppOverlap( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pVarMin );
 extern void            Kit_TruthCountOnesInCofs( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, short * pStore );
diff --git a/src/opt/kit/kitDsd.c b/src/opt/kit/kitDsd.c
index 4bf8d7ef..8dd1b06f 100644
--- a/src/opt/kit/kitDsd.c
+++ b/src/opt/kit/kitDsd.c
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ void Kit_DsdNtkFree( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
     unsigned i;
     Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( pNtk, pObj, i )
         free( pObj );
+    FREE( pNtk->pSupps );
     free( pNtk->pMem );
     free( pNtk );
 }
@@ -645,6 +646,296 @@ Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdExpand( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p )
 
 /**Function*************************************************************
 
+  Synopsis    [Sorts the literals by their support.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdCompSort( int pPrios[], unsigned uSupps[], int piLitsNew[], int nVars )
+{
+    int nSuppSizes[16], Priority[16], pOrder[16], Temp[16];
+    int i, k, iVarBest, SuppMax, PrioMin;
+    // compute support sizes and priorities of the components
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        Temp[i] = piLitsNew[i];
+        pOrder[i] = i;
+        Priority[i] = 16;
+        nSuppSizes[i] = Kit_WordCountOnes(uSupps[i]);
+        for ( k = 0; k < 16; k++ )
+            if ( uSupps[i] & (1 << k) )
+                Priority[i] = KIT_MIN( Priority[i], pPrios[k] );
+        assert( Priority[i] != 16 );
+    }
+    // find the component by with largest size and smallest priority
+    iVarBest = -1;
+    SuppMax = 0;
+    PrioMin = 16;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( SuppMax < nSuppSizes[i] || (SuppMax == nSuppSizes[i] && PrioMin > Priority[i]) )
+        {
+            SuppMax = nSuppSizes[i];
+            PrioMin = Priority[i];
+            iVarBest = i;
+        }
+    }
+    // sort the components by pririty
+    Extra_BubbleSort( pOrder, Priority, nVars, 1 );
+    // copy the resulting literals
+    k = 0;
+    piLitsNew[k++] = piLitsNew[iVarBest];
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pOrder[i] == iVarBest )
+            continue;
+        piLitsNew[k++] = piLitsNew[pOrder[i]];
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Shrinks multi-input nodes.]
+
+  Description [Takes the array of variable priorities pPrios.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdShrink_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNew, Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int iLit, int pPrios[] )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, * pObjNew;
+    unsigned * pTruth, * pTruthNew;
+    unsigned i, piLitsNew[16], uSupps[16];
+    int fCompl, iLitFanin, iLitNew;
+
+    // remember the complement
+    fCompl = Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit); 
+    iLit = Kit_DsdLitRegular(iLit); 
+    assert( !Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+
+    // consider the case of simple gate
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( p, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+        return Kit_DsdLitNotCond( iLit, fCompl );
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+    {
+        if ( pObj->nFans == 2 )
+        {
+            pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_AND, 2 );
+            pObjNew->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, pObj->pFans[0], pPrios );
+            pObjNew->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, pObj->pFans[1], pPrios );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // get the supports
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+            {
+                piLitsNew[i] = iLitFanin;
+                uSupps[i] = Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iLitFanin );
+            }
+            // put the largest component first
+            // sort other components in the increasing order of the highest variable
+            Kit_DsdCompSort( pPrios, uSupps, piLitsNew, pObj->nFans );
+            iLitNew = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[0], pPrios );
+            for ( i = 1; i < pObj->nFans; i++ )
+            {
+                pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_AND, 2 );
+                pObjNew->pFans[0] = iLitNew;
+                pObjNew->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[i], pPrios );
+                iLitNew = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, 0 );
+            }
+        }
+        return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, fCompl );
+    }
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+    {
+        if ( pObj->nFans == 2 )
+        {
+            pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_XOR, 2 );
+            pObjNew->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, pObj->pFans[0], pPrios );
+            pObjNew->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, pObj->pFans[1], pPrios );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // get the supports
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+            {
+                piLitsNew[i] = iLitFanin;
+                uSupps[i] = Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iLitFanin );
+            }
+            // put the largest component first
+            // sort other components in the increasing order of the highest variable
+            Kit_DsdCompSort( pPrios, uSupps, piLitsNew, pObj->nFans );
+            iLitNew = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[0], pPrios );
+            for ( i = 1; i < pObj->nFans; i++ )
+            {
+                pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_XOR, 2 );
+                pObjNew->pFans[0] = iLitNew;
+                pObjNew->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[i], pPrios );
+                iLitNew = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, 0 );
+            }
+        }
+        return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, fCompl );
+    }
+    assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+
+    // create new PRIME node
+    pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_PRIME, pObj->nFans );
+    // copy the truth table
+    pTruth = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObj );
+    pTruthNew = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObjNew );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthNew, pTruth, pObj->nFans );
+    // create fanins
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+    {
+        pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, iLitFanin, pPrios );
+        // complement the corresponding inputs of the truth table
+        if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(pObjNew->pFans[i]) )
+        {
+            pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdLitRegular(pObjNew->pFans[i]);
+            Kit_TruthChangePhase( pTruthNew, pObjNew->nFans, i );
+        }
+    }
+    // if the incoming phase is complemented, absorb it into the prime node
+    if ( fCompl )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pTruthNew, pTruthNew, pObj->nFans );
+    return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, 0 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Shrinks the network.]
+
+  Description [Transforms the network to have two-input nodes so that the
+  higher-ordered nodes were decomposed out first.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdShrink( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pPrios[] )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNew;
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObjNew;
+    assert( p->nVars <= 16 );
+    // create a new network
+    pNew = Kit_DsdNtkAlloc( p->nVars );
+    // consider simple special cases
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+    {
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_CONST1, 0 );
+        pNew->Root = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(p->Root) );
+        return pNew;
+    }
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+    {
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_VAR, 1 );
+        pObjNew->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->pFans[0];
+        pNew->Root = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(p->Root) );
+        return pNew;
+    }
+    // convert the root node
+    pNew->Root = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, p->Root, pPrios );
+    return pNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Rotates the network.]
+
+  Description [Transforms prime nodes to have the fanin with the
+  highest frequency of supports go first.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdRotate( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pFreqs[] )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned * pIn, * pOut, * pTemp, k;
+    int i, v, Temp, uSuppFanin, iFaninLit, WeightMax, FaninMax, nSwaps;
+    int Weights[16];
+    // go through the prime nodes
+    Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_PRIME )
+            continue;
+        // count the fanin frequencies
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iFaninLit, k )
+        {
+            uSuppFanin = Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iFaninLit );
+            Weights[k] = 0;
+            for ( v = 0; v < 16; v++ )
+                if ( uSuppFanin & (1 << v) )
+                    Weights[k] += pFreqs[v];
+        }
+        // find the most frequent fanin
+        WeightMax = FaninMax = 0;
+        for ( k = 0; k < pObj->nFans; k++ )
+            if ( WeightMax < Weights[k] )
+            {
+                WeightMax = Weights[k];
+                FaninMax = k;
+            }
+        assert( k < pObj->nFans );
+        // move the fanins number k to the first place
+        nSwaps = 0;
+        pIn = Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj);
+        pOut = p->pSupps;
+        for ( v = k-1; v >= 0; v-- )
+        {
+            // swap the fanins
+            Temp = pObj->pFans[v];
+            pObj->pFans[v] = pObj->pFans[v+1];
+            pObj->pFans[v+1] = Temp;
+            // swap the truth table variables
+            Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( pOut, pIn, pObj->nFans, v );
+            pTemp = pIn; pIn = pOut; pOut = pTemp;
+            nSwaps++;
+        }
+        if ( nSwaps & 1)
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pIn, pOut, pObj->nFans );
+    }    
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Compute the support.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdGetSupports( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned uSupport, k;
+    int iFaninLit, i;
+    p->pSupps = ALLOC( unsigned, p->nNodes );
+    Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
+    {
+        uSupport = 0;
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iFaninLit, k )
+            uSupport |= Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iFaninLit );
+        p->pSupps[pObj->Id - p->nVars] = uSupport;
+    }    
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
   Synopsis    [Returns 1 if there is a component with more than 3 inputs.]
 
   Description []
@@ -926,10 +1217,10 @@ void Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, unsigned uS
                 pRes->pFans[2] = pObj->pFans[i];     pObj->pFans[i] = 2 * pRes->Id; // remains in support
                 // update the node
 //                if ( fEquals[0][0] && fEquals[0][1] )
-//                    Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, i );
+//                    Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, i );
 //                else
-//                    Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[0][1], pCofs4[0][0], pObj->nFans, i );
-                Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[1][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans, i );
+//                    Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][1], pCofs4[0][0], pObj->nFans, i );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[1][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans, i );
                 if ( fEquals[1][0] && fEquals[1][1] )
                     pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);
                 // decompose the remainder
@@ -967,17 +1258,17 @@ void Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, unsigned uS
             {
                 pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);  
                 pRes->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[1]);
-                Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[1][1], pCofs4[0][0], pObj->nFans, k );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[1][1], pCofs4[0][0], pObj->nFans, k );
             }
             else if ( !fPairs[1][0] && !fPairs[1][2] && !fPairs[1][3] ) // 01
             {
                 pRes->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[1]);  
-                Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, k );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, k );
             }
             else if ( !fPairs[2][0] && !fPairs[2][1] && !fPairs[2][3] ) // 10
             {
                 pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);  
-                Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][0], pObj->nFans, k );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][0], pObj->nFans, k );
             }
             else if ( !fPairs[3][0] && !fPairs[3][1] && !fPairs[3][2] ) // 11
             {
@@ -986,7 +1277,7 @@ void Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, unsigned uS
 //                unsigned uSupp;
 //                Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp0, pObj->nFans ); printf( "\n" );
 //                Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp1, pObj->nFans ); printf( "\n" );
-                Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans, k );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans, k );
 //                uSupp = Kit_TruthSupport(pTruth, pObj->nFans);
 //                Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp, pObj->nFans ); printf( "\n" ); printf( "\n" );
             }
@@ -994,7 +1285,7 @@ void Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, unsigned uS
             {
                 assert( fPairs[0][3] && fPairs[1][2] );
                 pRes->Type = KIT_DSD_XOR;;
-                Kit_TruthMux( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, k );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, k );
             }
             // decompose the remainder
             Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pObj, uSupp, pPar );
@@ -1317,6 +1608,170 @@ void Kit_DsdPrecompute4Vars()
     printf( "non-DSD = %d   implementable = %d\n", Counter1, Counter2 );
 }
 
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the set of cofactoring variables.]
+
+  Description [If there is no DSD components returns 0.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdCofactoringGetVars( Kit_DsdNtk_t ** ppNtk, int nSize, int * pVars )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned m;
+    int i, k, v, Var, nVars, iFaninLit;
+    // go through all the networks
+    nVars = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        // go through the prime objects of each networks
+        Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( ppNtk[i], pObj, k )     
+        {
+            if ( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_PRIME )
+                continue;
+            if ( pObj->nFans == 3 )
+                continue;
+            // collect direct fanin variables
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( ppNtk[i], pObj, iFaninLit, m )
+            {
+                if ( !Kit_DsdLitIsLeaf(ppNtk[i], iFaninLit) )
+                    continue;
+                // add it to the array
+                Var = Kit_DsdLit2Var( iFaninLit );
+                for ( v = 0; v < nVars; v++ )
+                    if ( pVars[v] == Var )
+                        break;
+                if ( v == nVars )
+                    pVars[nVars++] = Var;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return nVars;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Canonical decomposition into completely DSD-structure.]
+
+  Description [Returns the number of cofactoring steps. Also returns
+  the cofactoring variables in pVars.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdCofactoring( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pCofVars, int nLimit, int fVerbose )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * ppNtks[5][16] = {0}, * pTemp;
+    unsigned * ppCofs[5][16];
+    int pTryVars[16], nTryVars;
+    int nPrimeSizeMin, nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur;
+    int nSuppSizeMin, nSuppSizeMax, iVarBest;
+    int i, k, v, nStep, nSize, nMemSize;
+    assert( nLimit < 5 );
+
+    // allocate storage for cofactors
+    nMemSize = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars);
+    ppCofs[0][0] = ALLOC( unsigned, 80 * nMemSize );
+    nSize = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i <  5; i++ )
+    for ( k = 0; k < 16; k++ )
+        ppCofs[i][k] = ppCofs[0][0] + nMemSize * nSize++;
+    assert( nSize == 80 );
+
+    // copy the function
+    Kit_TruthCopy( ppCofs[0][0], pTruth, nVars );
+    ppNtks[0][0] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[0][0], nVars );
+
+    if ( fVerbose )
+        printf( "\nProcessing prime function with %d support variables:\n", nVars );
+
+    // perform recursive cofactoring
+    for ( nStep = 0; nStep < nLimit; nStep++ )
+    {
+        nSize = (1 << nStep);
+        // find the variables to use in the cofactoring step
+        nTryVars = Kit_DsdCofactoringGetVars( ppNtks[nStep], nSize, pTryVars );
+        if ( nTryVars == 0 )
+            break;
+        // cofactor w.r.t. the above variables
+        iVarBest = -1;
+        nPrimeSizeMin = 10000;
+        nSuppSizeMin  = 10000;
+        for ( v = 0; v < nTryVars; v++ )
+        {
+            nPrimeSizeMax = 0;
+            nSuppSizeMax = 0;
+            for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+            {
+                // cofactor and decompose cofactors          
+                Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, pTryVars[v] );
+                Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, pTryVars[v] );
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], nVars );
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], nVars );
+                // compute the largest non-decomp block
+                nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0]);
+                nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+                nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1]);
+                nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+                // compute the sum total of supports
+                nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], nVars );
+                nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], nVars );
+                // free the networks
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] );
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] );
+            }
+            // find the min max support size of the prime component
+            if ( nPrimeSizeMin > nPrimeSizeMax || (nPrimeSizeMin == nPrimeSizeMax && nSuppSizeMin > nSuppSizeMax) )
+            {
+                nPrimeSizeMin = nPrimeSizeMax;
+                nSuppSizeMin  = nSuppSizeMax;
+                iVarBest      = pTryVars[v];
+            }
+        }
+        assert( iVarBest != -1 );
+        // save the variable
+        if ( pCofVars )
+            pCofVars[nStep] = iVarBest;
+        // cofactor w.r.t. the best
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, iVarBest );
+            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, iVarBest );
+            ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], nVars );
+            ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], nVars );
+            if ( fVerbose )
+            {
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] );
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] );
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nStep+1, 2*i+0 );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] );
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nStep+1, 2*i+1 );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // free the networks
+    for ( i = 0; i <  5; i++ )
+    for ( k = 0; k < 16; k++ )
+        if ( ppNtks[i][k] )
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[i][k] );
+    free( ppCofs[0][0] );
+
+    assert( nStep <= nLimit );
+    return nStep;
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///                       END OF FILE                                ///
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/src/opt/kit/kitTruth.c b/src/opt/kit/kitTruth.c
index 73264661..dbf222c2 100644
--- a/src/opt/kit/kitTruth.c
+++ b/src/opt/kit/kitTruth.c
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ void Kit_TruthForallSet( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned
   SeeAlso     []
 
 ***********************************************************************/
-void Kit_TruthMux( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar )
+void Kit_TruthMuxVar( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar )
 {
     int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
     int i, k, Step;