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.. hazmat::
Message Digests
===============
.. currentmodule:: cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes
.. class:: Hash(algorithm)
A cryptographic hash function takes an arbitrary block of data and
calculates a fixed-size bit string (a digest), such that different data
results (with a high probability) in different digests.
This is an implementation of
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashContext` meant to
be used with
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
implementations to provide an incremental interface to calculating
various message digests.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> digest = hashes.Hash(hashes.SHA256())
>>> digest.update(b"abc")
>>> digest.update(b"123")
>>> digest.finalize()
'l\xa1=R\xcap\xc8\x83\xe0\xf0\xbb\x10\x1eBZ\x89\xe8bM\xe5\x1d\xb2\xd29%\x93\xafj\x84\x11\x80\x90'
.. method:: update(data)
:param bytes data: The bytes you wish to hash.
:raises cryptography.exceptions.AlreadyFinalized: See :meth:`finalize`
.. method:: copy()
Copy this :class:`Hash` instance, usually so that we may call
:meth:`finalize` and get an intermediate digest value while we continue
to call :meth:`update` on the original.
:return: A new instance of :class:`Hash` which can be updated
and finalized independently of the original instance.
:raises cryptography.exceptions.AlreadyFinalized: See :meth:`finalize`
.. method:: finalize()
Finalize the current context and return the message digest as bytes.
Once ``finalize`` is called this object can no longer be used and
:meth:`update` and :meth:`copy` will raise
:class:`~cryptography.exceptions.AlreadyFinalized`.
:return bytes: The message digest as bytes.
SHA-1
~~~~~
.. attention::
NIST has deprecated SHA-1 in favor of the SHA-2 variants. New applications
are strongly suggested to use SHA-2 over SHA-1.
.. class:: SHA1()
SHA-1 is a cryptographic hash function standardized by NIST. It has a
160-bit message digest.
SHA-2 Family
~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: SHA224()
SHA-224 is a cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family and
standardized by NIST. It has a 224-bit message digest.
.. class:: SHA256()
SHA-256 is a cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family and
standardized by NIST. It has a 256-bit message digest.
.. class:: SHA384()
SHA-384 is a cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family and
standardized by NIST. It has a 384-bit message digest.
.. class:: SHA512()
SHA-512 is a cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family and
standardized by NIST. It has a 512-bit message digest.
RIPEMD160
~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: RIPEMD160()
RIPEMD160 is a cryptographic hash function that is part of ISO/IEC
10118-3:2004. It has a 160-bit message digest.
Whirlpool
~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: Whirlpool()
Whirlpool is a cryptographic hash function that is part of ISO/IEC
10118-3:2004. It has a 512-bit message digest.
MD5
~~~
.. warning::
MD5 is a deprecated hash algorithm that has practical known collision
attacks. You are strongly discouraged from using it. Existing applications
should strongly consider moving away.
.. class:: MD5()
MD5 is a deprecated cryptographic hash function. It has a 128-bit message
digest and has practical known collision attacks.
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