1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
|
X.509 Reference
===============
.. currentmodule:: cryptography.x509
.. testsetup::
pem_crl_data = b"""
-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----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-----END X509 CRL-----
""".strip()
pem_req_data = b"""
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
""".strip()
pem_data = b"""
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
""".strip()
cryptography_cert_pem = b"""
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
""".strip()
Loading Certificates
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. function:: load_pem_x509_certificate(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 0.7
Deserialize a certificate from PEM encoded data. PEM certificates are
base64 decoded and have delimiters that look like
``-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----``.
:param bytes data: The PEM encoded certificate data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`.
.. function:: load_der_x509_certificate(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 0.7
Deserialize a certificate from DER encoded data. DER is a binary format
and is commonly found in files with the ``.cer`` extension (although file
extensions are not a guarantee of encoding type).
:param bytes data: The DER encoded certificate data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(pem_data, default_backend())
>>> cert.serial
2
Loading Certificate Revocation Lists
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. function:: load_pem_x509_crl(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 1.1
Deserialize a certificate revocation list (CRL) from PEM encoded data. PEM
requests are base64 decoded and have delimiters that look like
``-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----``.
:param bytes data: The PEM encoded request data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`.
.. function:: load_der_x509_crl(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 1.1
Deserialize a certificate revocation list (CRL) from DER encoded data. DER
is a binary format.
:param bytes data: The DER encoded request data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> crl = x509.load_pem_x509_crl(pem_crl_data, default_backend())
>>> isinstance(crl.signature_hash_algorithm, hashes.SHA256)
True
Loading Certificate Signing Requests
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. function:: load_pem_x509_csr(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
Deserialize a certificate signing request (CSR) from PEM encoded data. PEM
requests are base64 decoded and have delimiters that look like
``-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----``. This format is also known as
PKCS#10.
:param bytes data: The PEM encoded request data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`.
.. function:: load_der_x509_csr(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
Deserialize a certificate signing request (CSR) from DER encoded data. DER
is a binary format and is not commonly used with CSRs.
:param bytes data: The DER encoded request data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> csr = x509.load_pem_x509_csr(pem_req_data, default_backend())
>>> isinstance(csr.signature_hash_algorithm, hashes.SHA1)
True
X.509 Certificate Object
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: Certificate
.. versionadded:: 0.7
.. attribute:: version
:type: :class:`~cryptography.x509.Version`
The certificate version as an enumeration. Version 3 certificates are
the latest version and also the only type you should see in practice.
:raises cryptography.x509.InvalidVersion: If the version in the
certificate is not a known
:class:`X.509 version <cryptography.x509.Version>`.
.. doctest::
>>> cert.version
<Version.v3: 2>
.. method:: fingerprint(algorithm)
:param algorithm: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm`
that will be used to generate the fingerprint.
:return bytes: The fingerprint using the supplied hash algorithm, as
bytes.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> cert.fingerprint(hashes.SHA256())
'\x86\xd2\x187Gc\xfc\xe7}[+E9\x8d\xb4\x8f\x10\xe5S\xda\x18u\xbe}a\x03\x08[\xac\xa04?'
.. attribute:: serial
:type: int
The serial as a Python integer.
.. doctest::
>>> cert.serial
2
.. method:: public_key()
The public key associated with the certificate.
:returns:
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
>>> public_key = cert.public_key()
>>> isinstance(public_key, rsa.RSAPublicKey)
True
.. attribute:: not_valid_before
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
A naïve datetime representing the beginning of the validity period for
the certificate in UTC. This value is inclusive.
.. doctest::
>>> cert.not_valid_before
datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 8, 30)
.. attribute:: not_valid_after
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
A naïve datetime representing the end of the validity period for the
certificate in UTC. This value is inclusive.
.. doctest::
>>> cert.not_valid_after
datetime.datetime(2030, 12, 31, 8, 30)
.. attribute:: issuer
.. versionadded:: 0.8
:type: :class:`Name`
The :class:`Name` of the issuer.
.. attribute:: subject
.. versionadded:: 0.8
:type: :class:`Name`
The :class:`Name` of the subject.
.. attribute:: signature_hash_algorithm
:type: :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm`
Returns the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm` which
was used in signing this certificate.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> isinstance(cert.signature_hash_algorithm, hashes.SHA256)
True
.. attribute:: extensions
:type: :class:`Extensions`
The extensions encoded in the certificate.
:raises cryptography.x509.DuplicateExtension: If more than one
extension of the same type is found within the certificate.
:raises cryptography.x509.UnsupportedExtension: If the certificate
contains an extension that is not supported.
:raises cryptography.x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType: If an extension
contains a general name that is not supported.
:raises UnicodeError: If an extension contains IDNA encoding that is
invalid or not compliant with IDNA 2008.
.. doctest::
>>> for ext in cert.extensions:
... print(ext)
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.35, name=authorityKeyIdentifier)>, critical=False, value=<AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier='\xe4}_\xd1\\\x95\x86\x08,\x05\xae\xbeu\xb6e\xa7\xd9]\xa8f', authority_cert_issuer=None, authority_cert_serial_number=None)>)>
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.14, name=subjectKeyIdentifier)>, critical=False, value=<SubjectKeyIdentifier(digest='X\x01\x84$\x1b\xbc+R\x94J=\xa5\x10r\x14Q\xf5\xaf:\xc9')>)>
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.15, name=keyUsage)>, critical=True, value=<KeyUsage(digital_signature=False, content_commitment=False, key_encipherment=False, data_encipherment=False, key_agreement=False, key_cert_sign=True, crl_sign=True, encipher_only=None, decipher_only=None)>)>
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.32, name=certificatePolicies)>, critical=False, value=<CertificatePolicies([<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.16.840.1.101.3.2.1.48.1, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifiers=None)>])>)>
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.19, name=basicConstraints)>, critical=True, value=<BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)>)>
.. attribute:: signature
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:type: bytes
The bytes of the certificate's signature.
.. attribute:: tbs_certificate_bytes
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:type: bytes
The DER encoded bytes payload (as defined by :rfc:`5280`) that is hashed
and then signed by the private key of the certificate's issuer. This
data may be used to validate a signature, but use extreme caution as
certificate validation is a complex problem that involves much more
than just signature checks.
.. method:: public_bytes(encoding)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:param encoding: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.Encoding`
that will be used to serialize the certificate.
:return bytes: The data that can be written to a file or sent
over the network to be verified by clients.
X.509 CRL (Certificate Revocation List) Object
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: CertificateRevocationList
.. versionadded:: 1.0
A CertificateRevocationList is an object representing a list of revoked
certificates. The object is iterable and will yield the RevokedCertificate
objects stored in this CRL.
.. doctest::
>>> len(crl)
1
>>> revoked_certificate = crl[0]
>>> type(revoked_certificate)
<class 'cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.x509._RevokedCertificate'>
>>> for r in crl:
... print(r.serial_number)
0
.. method:: fingerprint(algorithm)
:param algorithm: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm`
that will be used to generate the fingerprint.
:return bytes: The fingerprint using the supplied hash algorithm, as
bytes.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> crl.fingerprint(hashes.SHA256())
'e\xcf.\xc4:\x83?1\xdc\xf3\xfc\x95\xd7\xb3\x87\xb3\x8e\xf8\xb93!\x87\x07\x9d\x1b\xb4!\xb9\xe4W\xf4\x1f'
.. attribute:: signature_hash_algorithm
:type: :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm`
Returns the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm` which
was used in signing this CRL.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> isinstance(crl.signature_hash_algorithm, hashes.SHA256)
True
.. attribute:: issuer
:type: :class:`Name`
The :class:`Name` of the issuer.
.. doctest::
>>> crl.issuer
<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.6, name=countryName)>, value=u'US')>, <NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'cryptography.io')>])>
.. attribute:: next_update
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
A naïve datetime representing when the next update to this CRL is
expected.
.. doctest::
>>> crl.next_update
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 1, 0, 0)
.. attribute:: last_update
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
A naïve datetime representing when the this CRL was last updated.
.. doctest::
>>> crl.last_update
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0)
.. attribute:: extensions
:type: :class:`Extensions`
The extensions encoded in the CRL.
.. attribute:: signature
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:type: bytes
The bytes of the CRL's signature.
.. attribute:: tbs_certlist_bytes
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:type: bytes
The DER encoded bytes payload (as defined by :rfc:`5280`) that is hashed
and then signed by the private key of the CRL's issuer. This data may be
used to validate a signature, but use extreme caution as CRL validation
is a complex problem that involves much more than just signature checks.
.. method:: public_bytes(encoding)
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:param encoding: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.Encoding`
that will be used to serialize the certificate revocation list.
:return bytes: The data that can be written to a file or sent
over the network and used as part of a certificate verification
process.
X.509 Certificate Builder
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: CertificateBuilder
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
>>> from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID
>>> import datetime
>>> import uuid
>>> one_day = datetime.timedelta(1, 0, 0)
>>> private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(
... public_exponent=65537,
... key_size=2048,
... backend=default_backend()
... )
>>> public_key = private_key.public_key()
>>> builder = x509.CertificateBuilder()
>>> builder = builder.subject_name(x509.Name([
... x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'cryptography.io'),
... ]))
>>> builder = builder.issuer_name(x509.Name([
... x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'cryptography.io'),
... ]))
>>> builder = builder.not_valid_before(datetime.datetime.today() - one_day)
>>> builder = builder.not_valid_after(datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 2))
>>> builder = builder.serial_number(int(uuid.uuid4()))
>>> builder = builder.public_key(public_key)
>>> builder = builder.add_extension(
... x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None), critical=True,
... )
>>> certificate = builder.sign(
... private_key=private_key, algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
... backend=default_backend()
... )
>>> isinstance(certificate, x509.Certificate)
True
.. method:: issuer_name(name)
Sets the issuer's distinguished name.
:param name: The :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name` that describes the
issuer (CA).
.. method:: subject_name(name)
Sets the subject's distinguished name.
:param name: The :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name` that describes the
subject.
.. method:: public_key(public_key)
Sets the subject's public key.
:param public_key: The subject's public key. This can be one of
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`
.. method:: serial_number(serial_number)
Sets the certificate's serial number (an integer). The CA's policy
determines how it attributes serial numbers to certificates. The only
requirement is that this number uniquely identify the certificate given
the issuer.
:param serial_number: Integer number that will be used by the CA to
identify this certificate (most notably during certificate
revocation checking). Users are encouraged to use a method of
generating 20 bytes of entropy, e.g., UUID4. For more information
on secure random number generation, see :doc:`/random-numbers`.
.. method:: not_valid_before(time)
Sets the certificate's activation time. This is the time from which
clients can start trusting the certificate. It may be different from
the time at which the certificate was created.
:param time: The :class:`datetime.datetime` object (in UTC) that marks the
activation time for the certificate. The certificate may not be
trusted clients if it is used before this time.
.. method:: not_valid_after(time)
Sets the certificate's expiration time. This is the time from which
clients should no longer trust the certificate. The CA's policy will
determine how long the certificate should remain in use.
:param time: The :class:`datetime.datetime` object (in UTC) that marks the
expiration time for the certificate. The certificate may not be
trusted clients if it is used after this time.
.. method:: add_extension(extension, critical)
Adds an X.509 extension to the certificate.
:param extension: An extension conforming to the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.ExtensionType` interface.
:param critical: Set to ``True`` if the extension must be understood and
handled by whoever reads the certificate.
.. method:: sign(private_key, algorithm, backend)
Sign the certificate using the CA's private key.
:param private_key: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`
that will be used to sign the certificate.
:param algorithm: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm` that
will be used to generate the signature.
:param backend: Backend that will be used to build the certificate.
Must support the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`
X.509 CSR (Certificate Signing Request) Object
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: CertificateSigningRequest
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. method:: public_key()
The public key associated with the request.
:returns:
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
>>> public_key = csr.public_key()
>>> isinstance(public_key, rsa.RSAPublicKey)
True
.. attribute:: subject
:type: :class:`Name`
The :class:`Name` of the subject.
.. attribute:: signature_hash_algorithm
:type: :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm`
Returns the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm` which
was used in signing this request.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> isinstance(csr.signature_hash_algorithm, hashes.SHA1)
True
.. attribute:: extensions
:type: :class:`Extensions`
The extensions encoded in the certificate signing request.
:raises cryptography.x509.DuplicateExtension: If more than one
extension of the same type is found within the certificate signing request.
:raises cryptography.x509.UnsupportedExtension: If the certificate signing request
contains an extension that is not supported.
:raises cryptography.x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType: If an extension
contains a general name that is not supported.
:raises UnicodeError: If an extension contains IDNA encoding that is
invalid or not compliant with IDNA 2008.
.. method:: public_bytes(encoding)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:param encoding: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.Encoding`
that will be used to serialize the certificate request.
:return bytes: The data that can be written to a file or sent
over the network to be signed by the certificate
authority.
.. attribute:: signature
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:type: bytes
The bytes of the certificate signing request's signature.
.. attribute:: tbs_certrequest_bytes
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:type: bytes
The DER encoded bytes payload (as defined by :rfc:`2986`) that is
hashed and then signed by the private key (corresponding to the public
key embedded in the CSR). This data may be used to validate the CSR
signature.
X.509 Certificate Revocation List Builder
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: CertificateRevocationListBuilder
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
>>> from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID
>>> import datetime
>>> one_day = datetime.timedelta(1, 0, 0)
>>> private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(
... public_exponent=65537,
... key_size=2048,
... backend=default_backend()
... )
>>> builder = x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder()
>>> builder = builder.issuer_name(x509.Name([
... x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'cryptography.io CA'),
... ]))
>>> builder = builder.last_update(datetime.datetime.today())
>>> builder = builder.next_update(datetime.datetime.today() + one_day)
>>> revoked_cert = x509.RevokedCertificateBuilder().serial_number(
... 333
... ).revocation_date(
... datetime.datetime.today()
... ).build(default_backend())
>>> builder = builder.add_revoked_certificate(revoked_cert)
>>> crl = builder.sign(
... private_key=private_key, algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
... backend=default_backend()
... )
>>> len(crl)
1
.. method:: issuer_name(name)
Sets the issuer's distinguished name.
:param name: The :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name` that describes the
issuer (CA).
.. method:: last_update(time)
Sets this CRL's activation time. This is the time from which
clients can start trusting this CRL. It may be different from
the time at which this CRL was created. This is also known as the
``thisUpdate`` time.
:param time: The :class:`datetime.datetime` object (in UTC) that marks
the activation time for this CRL. The CRL may not be trusted if it
is used before this time.
.. method:: next_update(time)
Sets this CRL's next update time. This is the time by which
a new CRL will be issued. The CA is allowed to issue a new CRL before
this date, however clients are not required to check for it.
:param time: The :class:`datetime.datetime` object (in UTC) that marks
the next update time for this CRL.
.. method:: add_extension(extension, critical)
Adds an X.509 extension to this CRL.
:param extension: An extension with the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.ExtensionType` interface.
:param critical: Set to ``True`` if the extension must be understood and
handled by whoever reads the CRL.
.. method:: add_revoked_certificate(revoked_certificate)
Adds a revoked certificate to this CRL.
:param revoked_certificate: An instance of
:class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate`. These can be
obtained from an existing CRL or created with
:class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificateBuilder`.
.. method:: sign(private_key, algorithm, backend)
Sign this CRL using the CA's private key.
:param private_key: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`
that will be used to sign the certificate.
:param algorithm: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm` that
will be used to generate the signature.
:param backend: Backend that will be used to build the CRL.
Must support the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`
X.509 Revoked Certificate Object
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: RevokedCertificate
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. attribute:: serial_number
:type: :class:`int`
An integer representing the serial number of the revoked certificate.
.. doctest::
>>> revoked_certificate.serial_number
0
.. attribute:: revocation_date
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
A naïve datetime representing the date this certificates was revoked.
.. doctest::
>>> revoked_certificate.revocation_date
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0)
.. attribute:: extensions
:type: :class:`Extensions`
The extensions encoded in the revoked certificate.
.. doctest::
>>> for ext in revoked_certificate.extensions:
... print(ext)
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.24, name=invalidityDate)>, critical=False, value=<InvalidityDate(invalidity_date=2015-01-01 00:00:00)>)>
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.21, name=cRLReason)>, critical=False, value=<CRLReason(reason=ReasonFlags.key_compromise)>)>
X.509 Revoked Certificate Builder
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: RevokedCertificateBuilder
This class is used to create :class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate`
objects that can be used with the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder`.
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> import datetime
>>> builder = x509.RevokedCertificateBuilder()
>>> builder = builder.revocation_date(datetime.datetime.today())
>>> builder = builder.serial_number(3333)
>>> revoked_certificate = builder.build(default_backend())
>>> isinstance(revoked_certificate, x509.RevokedCertificate)
True
.. method:: serial_number(serial_number)
Sets the revoked certificate's serial number.
:param serial_number: Integer number that is used to identify the
revoked certificate.
.. method:: revocation_date(time)
Sets the certificate's revocation date.
:param time: The :class:`datetime.datetime` object (in UTC) that marks the
revocation time for the certificate.
.. method:: add_extension(extension, critical)
Adds an X.509 extension to this revoked certificate.
:param extension: An instance of one of the
:ref:`CRL entry extensions <crl_entry_extensions>`.
:param critical: Set to ``True`` if the extension must be understood and
handled.
.. method:: build(backend)
Create a revoked certificate object using the provided backend.
:param backend: Backend that will be used to build the revoked
certificate. Must support the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: :class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate`
X.509 CSR (Certificate Signing Request) Builder Object
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: CertificateSigningRequestBuilder
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
>>> from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID
>>> private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(
... public_exponent=65537,
... key_size=2048,
... backend=default_backend()
... )
>>> builder = x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder()
>>> builder = builder.subject_name(x509.Name([
... x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'cryptography.io'),
... ]))
>>> builder = builder.add_extension(
... x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None), critical=True,
... )
>>> request = builder.sign(
... private_key, hashes.SHA256(), default_backend()
... )
>>> isinstance(request, x509.CertificateSigningRequest)
True
.. method:: subject_name(name)
:param name: The :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name` of the certificate
subject.
:returns: A new
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder`.
.. method:: add_extension(extension, critical)
:param extension: An extension conforming to the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.ExtensionType` interface.
:param critical: Set to `True` if the extension must be understood and
handled by whoever reads the certificate.
:returns: A new
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder`.
.. method:: sign(private_key, algorithm, backend)
:param backend: Backend that will be used to sign the request.
Must support the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:param private_key: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`
that will be used to sign the request. When the request is
signed by a certificate authority, the private key's associated
public key will be stored in the resulting certificate.
:param algorithm: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm`
that will be used to generate the request signature.
:returns: A new
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`.
.. class:: Name
.. versionadded:: 0.8
An X509 Name is an ordered list of attributes. The object is iterable to
get every attribute or you can use :meth:`Name.get_attributes_for_oid` to
obtain the specific type you want. Names are sometimes represented as a
slash or comma delimited string (e.g. ``/CN=mydomain.com/O=My Org/C=US`` or
``CN=mydomain.com, O=My Org, C=US``).
.. doctest::
>>> len(cert.subject)
3
>>> for attribute in cert.subject:
... print(attribute)
<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.6, name=countryName)>, value=u'US')>
<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.10, name=organizationName)>, value=u'Test Certificates 2011')>
<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'Good CA')>
.. method:: get_attributes_for_oid(oid)
:param oid: An :class:`ObjectIdentifier` instance.
:returns: A list of :class:`NameAttribute` instances that match the
OID provided. If nothing matches an empty list will be returned.
.. doctest::
>>> cert.subject.get_attributes_for_oid(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
[<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'Good CA')>]
.. class:: Version
.. versionadded:: 0.7
An enumeration for X.509 versions.
.. attribute:: v1
For version 1 X.509 certificates.
.. attribute:: v3
For version 3 X.509 certificates.
.. class:: NameAttribute
.. versionadded:: 0.8
An X.509 name consists of a list of NameAttribute instances.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
The attribute OID.
.. attribute:: value
:type: :term:`text`
The value of the attribute.
.. class:: ObjectIdentifier
.. versionadded:: 0.8
Object identifiers (frequently seen abbreviated as OID) identify the type
of a value (see: :class:`NameAttribute`).
.. attribute:: dotted_string
:type: :class:`str`
The dotted string value of the OID (e.g. ``"2.5.4.3"``)
.. _general_name_classes:
General Name Classes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: GeneralName
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This is the generic interface that all the following classes are registered
against.
.. class:: RFC822Name(value)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This corresponds to an email address. For example, ``user@example.com``.
.. attribute:: value
:type: :term:`text`
.. class:: DNSName(value)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This corresponds to a domain name. For example, ``cryptography.io``.
.. attribute:: value
:type: :term:`text`
.. class:: DirectoryName(value)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This corresponds to a directory name.
.. attribute:: value
:type: :class:`Name`
.. class:: UniformResourceIdentifier(value)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This corresponds to a uniform resource identifier. For example,
``https://cryptography.io``. The URI is parsed and IDNA decoded (see
:rfc:`5895`).
.. note::
URIs that do not contain ``://`` in them will not be decoded.
.. attribute:: value
:type: :term:`text`
.. class:: IPAddress(value)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This corresponds to an IP address.
.. attribute:: value
:type: :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address`,
:class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Address`, :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network`,
or :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network`.
.. class:: RegisteredID(value)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This corresponds to a registered ID.
.. attribute:: value
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
.. class:: OtherName(type_id, value)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
This corresponds to an ``otherName.`` An ``otherName`` has a type identifier and a value represented in binary DER format.
.. attribute:: type_id
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
.. attribute:: value
:type: `bytes`
X.509 Extensions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: Extensions
.. versionadded:: 0.9
An X.509 Extensions instance is an ordered list of extensions. The object
is iterable to get every extension.
.. method:: get_extension_for_oid(oid)
:param oid: An :class:`ObjectIdentifier` instance.
:returns: An instance of the extension class.
:raises cryptography.x509.ExtensionNotFound: If the certificate does
not have the extension requested.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.x509.oid import ExtensionOID
>>> cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.19, name=basicConstraints)>, critical=True, value=<BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)>)>
.. method:: get_extension_for_class(extclass)
.. versionadded:: 1.1
:param extclass: An extension class.
:returns: An instance of the extension class.
:raises cryptography.x509.ExtensionNotFound: If the certificate does
not have the extension requested.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.BasicConstraints)
<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.19, name=basicConstraints)>, critical=True, value=<BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)>)>
.. class:: Extension
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
One of the :class:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID` OIDs.
.. attribute:: critical
:type: bool
Determines whether a given extension is critical or not. :rfc:`5280`
requires that "A certificate-using system MUST reject the certificate
if it encounters a critical extension it does not recognize or a
critical extension that contains information that it cannot process".
.. attribute:: value
Returns an instance of the extension type corresponding to the OID.
.. class:: ExtensionType
.. versionadded:: 1.0
This is the interface against which all the following extension types are
registered.
.. class:: KeyUsage(digital_signature, content_commitment, key_encipherment, data_encipherment, key_agreement, key_cert_sign, crl_sign, encipher_only, decipher_only)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
The key usage extension defines the purpose of the key contained in the
certificate. The usage restriction might be employed when a key that could
be used for more than one operation is to be restricted.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns :attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE`.
.. attribute:: digital_signature
:type: bool
This purpose is set to true when the subject public key is used for verifying
digital signatures, other than signatures on certificates
(``key_cert_sign``) and CRLs (``crl_sign``).
.. attribute:: content_commitment
:type: bool
This purpose is set to true when the subject public key is used for verifying
digital signatures, other than signatures on certificates
(``key_cert_sign``) and CRLs (``crl_sign``). It is used to provide a
non-repudiation service that protects against the signing entity
falsely denying some action. In the case of later conflict, a
reliable third party may determine the authenticity of the signed
data. This was called ``non_repudiation`` in older revisions of the
X.509 specification.
.. attribute:: key_encipherment
:type: bool
This purpose is set to true when the subject public key is used for
enciphering private or secret keys.
.. attribute:: data_encipherment
:type: bool
This purpose is set to true when the subject public key is used for
directly enciphering raw user data without the use of an intermediate
symmetric cipher.
.. attribute:: key_agreement
:type: bool
This purpose is set to true when the subject public key is used for key
agreement. For example, when a Diffie-Hellman key is to be used for
key management, then this purpose is set to true.
.. attribute:: key_cert_sign
:type: bool
This purpose is set to true when the subject public key is used for
verifying signatures on public key certificates. If this purpose is set
to true then ``ca`` must be true in the :class:`BasicConstraints`
extension.
.. attribute:: crl_sign
:type: bool
This purpose is set to true when the subject public key is used for
verifying signatures on certificate revocation lists.
.. attribute:: encipher_only
:type: bool
When this purposes is set to true and the ``key_agreement`` purpose is
also set, the subject public key may be used only for enciphering data
while performing key agreement.
:raises ValueError: This is raised if accessed when ``key_agreement``
is false.
.. attribute:: decipher_only
:type: bool
When this purposes is set to true and the ``key_agreement`` purpose is
also set, the subject public key may be used only for deciphering data
while performing key agreement.
:raises ValueError: This is raised if accessed when ``key_agreement``
is false.
.. class:: BasicConstraints(ca, path_length)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
Basic constraints is an X.509 extension type that defines whether a given
certificate is allowed to sign additional certificates and what path
length restrictions may exist.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns :attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS`.
.. attribute:: ca
:type: bool
Whether the certificate can sign certificates.
.. attribute:: path_length
:type: int or None
The maximum path length for certificates subordinate to this
certificate. This attribute only has meaning if ``ca`` is true.
If ``ca`` is true then a path length of None means there's no
restriction on the number of subordinate CAs in the certificate chain.
If it is zero or greater then it defines the maximum length for a
subordinate CA's certificate chain. For example, a ``path_length`` of 1
means the certificate can sign a subordinate CA, but the subordinate CA
is not allowed to create subordinates with ``ca`` set to true.
.. class:: ExtendedKeyUsage(usages)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
This extension indicates one or more purposes for which the certified
public key may be used, in addition to or in place of the basic
purposes indicated in the key usage extension. The object is
iterable to obtain the list of
:class:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtendedKeyUsageOID` OIDs present.
:param list usages: A list of
:class:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtendedKeyUsageOID` OIDs.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns :attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE`.
.. class:: OCSPNoCheck()
.. versionadded:: 1.0
This presence of this extension indicates that an OCSP client can trust a
responder for the lifetime of the responder's certificate. CAs issuing
such a certificate should realize that a compromise of the responder's key
is as serious as the compromise of a CA key used to sign CRLs, at least for
the validity period of this certificate. CA's may choose to issue this type
of certificate with a very short lifetime and renew it frequently. This
extension is only relevant when the certificate is an authorized OCSP
responder.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns :attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.OCSP_NO_CHECK`.
.. class:: NameConstraints(permitted_subtrees, excluded_subtrees)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
The name constraints extension, which only has meaning in a CA certificate,
defines a name space within which all subject names in certificates issued
beneath the CA certificate must (or must not) be in. For specific details
on the way this extension should be processed see :rfc:`5280`.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns :attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS`.
.. attribute:: permitted_subtrees
:type: list of :class:`GeneralName` objects or None
The set of permitted name patterns. If a name matches this and an
element in ``excluded_subtrees`` it is invalid. At least one of
``permitted_subtrees`` and ``excluded_subtrees`` will be non-None.
.. attribute:: excluded_subtrees
:type: list of :class:`GeneralName` objects or None
Any name matching a restriction in the ``excluded_subtrees`` field is
invalid regardless of information appearing in the
``permitted_subtrees``. At least one of ``permitted_subtrees`` and
``excluded_subtrees`` will be non-None.
.. class:: AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier, authority_cert_issuer, authority_cert_serial_number)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
The authority key identifier extension provides a means of identifying the
public key corresponding to the private key used to sign a certificate.
This extension is typically used to assist in determining the appropriate
certificate chain. For more information about generation and use of this
extension see `RFC 5280 section 4.2.1.1`_.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER`.
.. attribute:: key_identifier
:type: bytes
A value derived from the public key used to verify the certificate's
signature.
.. attribute:: authority_cert_issuer
:type: :class:`Name` or None
The :class:`Name` of the issuer's issuer.
.. attribute:: authority_cert_serial_number
:type: int or None
The serial number of the issuer's issuer.
.. classmethod:: from_issuer_public_key(public_key)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
Creates a new AuthorityKeyIdentifier instance using the public key
provided to generate the appropriate digest. This should be the
**issuer's public key**. The resulting object will contain
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.key_identifier`, but
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.authority_cert_issuer`
and
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.authority_cert_serial_number`
will be None.
The generated ``key_identifier`` is the SHA1 hash of the ``subjectPublicKey``
ASN.1 bit string. This is the first recommendation in :rfc:`5280`
section 4.2.1.2.
:param public_key: One of
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`
,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`
, or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> issuer_cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(pem_data, default_backend())
>>> x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_public_key(issuer_cert.public_key())
<AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier='X\x01\x84$\x1b\xbc+R\x94J=\xa5\x10r\x14Q\xf5\xaf:\xc9', authority_cert_issuer=None, authority_cert_serial_number=None)>
.. class:: SubjectKeyIdentifier(digest)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
The subject key identifier extension provides a means of identifying
certificates that contain a particular public key.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER`.
.. attribute:: digest
:type: bytes
The binary value of the identifier.
.. classmethod:: from_public_key(public_key)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
Creates a new SubjectKeyIdentifier instance using the public key
provided to generate the appropriate digest. This should be the public
key that is in the certificate. The generated digest is the SHA1 hash
of the ``subjectPublicKey`` ASN.1 bit string. This is the first
recommendation in :rfc:`5280` section 4.2.1.2.
:param public_key: One of
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`
,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`
, or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> csr = x509.load_pem_x509_csr(pem_req_data, default_backend())
>>> x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(csr.public_key())
<SubjectKeyIdentifier(digest='\xdb\xaa\xf0\x06\x11\xdbD\xfe\xbf\x93\x03\x8av\x88WP7\xa6\x91\xf7')>
.. class:: SubjectAlternativeName(general_names)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
Subject alternative name is an X.509 extension that provides a list of
:ref:`general name <general_name_classes>` instances that provide a set
of identities for which the certificate is valid. The object is iterable to
get every element.
:param list general_names: A list of :class:`GeneralName` instances.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME`.
.. method:: get_values_for_type(type)
:param type: A :class:`GeneralName` provider. This is one of the
:ref:`general name classes <general_name_classes>`.
:returns: A list of values extracted from the matched general names.
The type of the returned values depends on the :class:`GeneralName`.
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
>>> cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(cryptography_cert_pem, default_backend())
>>> # Get the subjectAltName extension from the certificate
>>> ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME)
>>> # Get the dNSName entries from the SAN extension
>>> ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
[u'www.cryptography.io', u'cryptography.io']
.. class:: IssuerAlternativeName(general_names)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
Issuer alternative name is an X.509 extension that provides a list of
:ref:`general name <general_name_classes>` instances that provide a set
of identities for the certificate issuer. The object is iterable to
get every element.
:param list general_names: A list of :class:`GeneralName` instances.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME`.
.. method:: get_values_for_type(type)
:param type: A :class:`GeneralName` provider. This is one of the
:ref:`general name classes <general_name_classes>`.
:returns: A list of values extracted from the matched general names.
.. class:: AuthorityInformationAccess(descriptions)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
The authority information access extension indicates how to access
information and services for the issuer of the certificate in which
the extension appears. Information and services may include online
validation services (such as OCSP) and issuer data. It is an iterable,
containing one or more :class:`~cryptography.x509.AccessDescription`
instances.
:param list descriptions: A list of :class:`AccessDescription` objects.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS`.
.. class:: AccessDescription(access_method, access_location)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. attribute:: access_method
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
The access method defines what the ``access_location`` means. It must
be either
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP` or
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS`.
If it is
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP`
the access location will be where to obtain OCSP
information for the certificate. If it is
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS`
the access location will provide additional information about the
issuing certificate.
.. attribute:: access_location
:type: :class:`GeneralName`
Where to access the information defined by the access method.
.. class:: CRLDistributionPoints(distribution_points)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
The CRL distribution points extension identifies how CRL information is
obtained. It is an iterable, containing one or more
:class:`DistributionPoint` instances.
:param list distribution_points: A list of :class:`DistributionPoint`
instances.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS`.
.. class:: DistributionPoint(full_name, relative_name, reasons, crl_issuer)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. attribute:: full_name
:type: list of :class:`GeneralName` instances or None
This field describes methods to retrieve the CRL. At most one of
``full_name`` or ``relative_name`` will be non-None.
.. attribute:: relative_name
:type: :class:`Name` or None
This field describes methods to retrieve the CRL relative to the CRL
issuer. At most one of ``full_name`` or ``relative_name`` will be
non-None.
.. attribute:: crl_issuer
:type: list of :class:`GeneralName` instances or None
Information about the issuer of the CRL.
.. attribute:: reasons
:type: frozenset of :class:`ReasonFlags` or None
The reasons a given distribution point may be used for when performing
revocation checks.
.. class:: ReasonFlags
.. versionadded:: 0.9
An enumeration for CRL reasons.
.. attribute:: unspecified
It is unspecified why the certificate was revoked. This reason cannot
be used as a reason flag in a :class:`DistributionPoint`.
.. attribute:: key_compromise
This reason indicates that the private key was compromised.
.. attribute:: ca_compromise
This reason indicates that the CA issuing the certificate was
compromised.
.. attribute:: affiliation_changed
This reason indicates that the subject's name or other information has
changed.
.. attribute:: superseded
This reason indicates that a certificate has been superseded.
.. attribute:: cessation_of_operation
This reason indicates that the certificate is no longer required.
.. attribute:: certificate_hold
This reason indicates that the certificate is on hold.
.. attribute:: privilege_withdrawn
This reason indicates that the privilege granted by this certificate
have been withdrawn.
.. attribute:: aa_compromise
When an attribute authority has been compromised.
.. attribute:: remove_from_crl
This reason indicates that the certificate was on hold and should be
removed from the CRL. This reason cannot be used as a reason flag
in a :class:`DistributionPoint`.
.. class:: InhibitAnyPolicy(skip_certs)
.. versionadded:: 1.0
The inhibit ``anyPolicy`` extension indicates that the special OID
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.CertificatePoliciesOID.ANY_POLICY`, is not
considered an explicit match for other :class:`CertificatePolicies` except
when it appears in an intermediate self-issued CA certificate. The value
indicates the number of additional non-self-issued certificates that may
appear in the path before
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.CertificatePoliciesOID.ANY_POLICY` is no
longer permitted. For example, a value of one indicates that
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.CertificatePoliciesOID.ANY_POLICY` may be
processed in certificates issued by the subject of this certificate, but
not in additional certificates in the path.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY`.
.. attribute:: skip_certs
:type: int
.. class:: CRLNumber(crl_number)
.. versionadded:: 1.2
The CRL number is a CRL extension that conveys a monotonically increasing
sequence number for a given CRL scope and CRL issuer. This extension allows
users to easily determine when a particular CRL supersedes another CRL.
:rfc:`5280` requires that this extension be present in conforming CRLs.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.CRL_NUMBER`.
.. attribute:: crl_number
:type: int
.. class:: UnrecognizedExtension
.. versionadded:: 1.2
A generic extension class used to hold the raw value of **non-critical**
extensions that ``cryptography`` does not know how to parse. Extensions
marked critical will raise
:class:`~cryptography.x509.UnsupportedExtension`.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns the OID associated with this extension.
.. attribute:: value
:type: byte
Returns the DER encoded bytes payload of the extension.
.. class:: CertificatePolicies(policies)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
The certificate policies extension is an iterable, containing one or more
:class:`PolicyInformation` instances.
:param list policies: A list of :class:`PolicyInformation` instances.
.. attribute:: oid
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES`.
Certificate Policies Classes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These classes may be present within a :class:`CertificatePolicies` instance.
.. class:: PolicyInformation(policy_identifier, policy_qualifiers)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
Contains a policy identifier and an optional list of qualifiers.
.. attribute:: policy_identifier
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
.. attribute:: policy_qualifiers
:type: list
A list consisting of :term:`text` and/or :class:`UserNotice` objects.
If the value is text it is a pointer to the practice statement
published by the certificate authority. If it is a user notice it is
meant for display to the relying party when the certificate is
used.
.. class:: UserNotice(notice_reference, explicit_text)
.. versionadded:: 0.9
User notices are intended for display to a relying party when a certificate
is used. In practice, few if any UIs expose this data and it is a rarely
encoded component.
.. attribute:: notice_reference
:type: :class:`NoticeReference` or None
The notice reference field names an organization and identifies,
by number, a particular statement prepared by that organization.
.. attribute:: explicit_text
This field includes an arbitrary textual statement directly in the
certificate.
:type: :term:`text`
.. class:: NoticeReference(organization, notice_numbers)
Notice reference can name an organization and provide information about
notices related to the certificate. For example, it might identify the
organization name and notice number 1. Application software could
have a notice file containing the current set of notices for the named
organization; the application would then extract the notice text from the
file and display it. In practice this is rarely seen.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. attribute:: organization
:type: :term:`text`
.. attribute:: notice_numbers
:type: list
A list of integers.
.. _crl_entry_extensions:
CRL Entry Extensions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These extensions are only valid within a :class:`RevokedCertificate` object.
.. class:: CertificateIssuer(general_names)
.. versionadded:: 1.2
The certificate issuer is an extension that is only valid inside
:class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate` objects. If the
``indirectCRL`` property of the parent CRL's IssuingDistributionPoint
extension is set, then this extension identifies the certificate issuer
associated with the revoked certificate. The object is iterable to get
every element.
:param list general_names: A list of :class:`GeneralName` instances.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.CRLEntryExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_ISSUER`.
.. method:: get_values_for_type(type)
:param type: A :class:`GeneralName` instance. This is one of the
:ref:`general name classes <general_name_classes>`.
:returns: A list of values extracted from the matched general names.
The type of the returned values depends on the :class:`GeneralName`.
.. class:: CRLReason(reason)
.. versionadded:: 1.2
CRL reason (also known as ``reasonCode``) is an extension that is only
valid inside :class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate` objects. It
identifies a reason for the certificate revocation.
:param reason: A value from the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.oid.CRLEntryExtensionOID` enum.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.CRLEntryExtensionOID.CRL_REASON`.
.. attribute:: reason
:type: An element from :class:`~cryptography.x509.ReasonFlags`
.. class:: InvalidityDate(invalidity_date)
.. versionadded:: 1.2
Invalidity date is an extension that is only valid inside
:class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate` objects. It provides
the date on which it is known or suspected that the private key was
compromised or that the certificate otherwise became invalid.
This date may be earlier than the revocation date in the CRL entry,
which is the date at which the CA processed the revocation.
:param invalidity_date: The :class:`datetime.datetime` when it is known
or suspected that the private key was compromised.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.oid.CRLEntryExtensionOID.INVALIDITY_DATE`.
.. attribute:: invalidity_date
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
Object Identifiers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
X.509 elements are frequently identified by :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
instances. The following common OIDs are available as constants.
.. currentmodule:: cryptography.x509.oid
.. class:: NameOID
These OIDs are typically seen in X.509 names.
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. attribute:: COMMON_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.3"``. Historically the domain
name would be encoded here for server certificates. :rfc:`2818`
deprecates this practice and names of that type should now be located
in a :class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectAlternativeName` extension.
.. attribute:: COUNTRY_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.6"``.
.. attribute:: LOCALITY_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.7"``.
.. attribute:: STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.8"``.
.. attribute:: ORGANIZATION_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.10"``.
.. attribute:: ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.11"``.
.. attribute:: SERIAL_NUMBER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.5"``. This is distinct from
the serial number of the certificate itself (which can be obtained with
:func:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.serial`).
.. attribute:: SURNAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.4"``.
.. attribute:: GIVEN_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.42"``.
.. attribute:: TITLE
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.12"``.
.. attribute:: GENERATION_QUALIFIER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.44"``.
.. attribute:: DN_QUALIFIER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.46"``. This specifies
disambiguating information to add to the relative distinguished name of an
entry. See :rfc:`2256`.
.. attribute:: PSEUDONYM
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.65"``.
.. attribute:: DOMAIN_COMPONENT
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.25"``. A string
holding one component of a domain name. See :rfc:`4519`.
.. attribute:: EMAIL_ADDRESS
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.113549.1.9.1"``.
.. attribute:: JURISDICTION_COUNTRY_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3"``.
.. attribute:: JURISDICTION_LOCALITY_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.1"``.
.. attribute:: JURISDICTION_STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2"``.
.. attribute:: BUSINESS_CATEGORY
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.4.15"``.
.. class:: SignatureAlgorithmOID
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. attribute:: RSA_WITH_MD5
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.113549.1.1.4"``. This is
an MD5 digest signed by an RSA key.
.. attribute:: RSA_WITH_SHA1
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.113549.1.1.5"``. This is
a SHA1 digest signed by an RSA key.
.. attribute:: RSA_WITH_SHA224
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.113549.1.1.14"``. This is
a SHA224 digest signed by an RSA key.
.. attribute:: RSA_WITH_SHA256
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.113549.1.1.11"``. This is
a SHA256 digest signed by an RSA key.
.. attribute:: RSA_WITH_SHA384
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.113549.1.1.12"``. This is
a SHA384 digest signed by an RSA key.
.. attribute:: RSA_WITH_SHA512
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.113549.1.1.13"``. This is
a SHA512 digest signed by an RSA key.
.. attribute:: ECDSA_WITH_SHA1
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.10045.4.1"``. This is a SHA1
digest signed by an ECDSA key.
.. attribute:: ECDSA_WITH_SHA224
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.10045.4.3.1"``. This is
a SHA224 digest signed by an ECDSA key.
.. attribute:: ECDSA_WITH_SHA256
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.10045.4.3.2"``. This is
a SHA256 digest signed by an ECDSA key.
.. attribute:: ECDSA_WITH_SHA384
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.10045.4.3.3"``. This is
a SHA384 digest signed by an ECDSA key.
.. attribute:: ECDSA_WITH_SHA512
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.10045.4.3.4"``. This is
a SHA512 digest signed by an ECDSA key.
.. attribute:: DSA_WITH_SHA1
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.2.840.10040.4.3"``. This is
a SHA1 digest signed by a DSA key.
.. attribute:: DSA_WITH_SHA224
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.1"``. This is
a SHA224 digest signed by a DSA key.
.. attribute:: DSA_WITH_SHA256
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.2"``. This is
a SHA256 digest signed by a DSA key.
.. class:: ExtendedKeyUsageOID
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. attribute:: SERVER_AUTH
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"``. This is used
to denote that a certificate may be used for TLS web server
authentication.
.. attribute:: CLIENT_AUTH
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"``. This is used
to denote that a certificate may be used for TLS web client
authentication.
.. attribute:: CODE_SIGNING
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3"``. This is used
to denote that a certificate may be used for code signing.
.. attribute:: EMAIL_PROTECTION
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4"``. This is used
to denote that a certificate may be used for email protection.
.. attribute:: TIME_STAMPING
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8"``. This is used
to denote that a certificate may be used for time stamping.
.. attribute:: OCSP_SIGNING
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9"``. This is used
to denote that a certificate may be used for signing OCSP responses.
.. class:: AuthorityInformationAccessOID
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. attribute:: OCSP
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1"``. Used as the
identifier for OCSP data in
:class:`~cryptography.x509.AccessDescription` objects.
.. attribute:: CA_ISSUERS
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2"``. Used as the
identifier for CA issuer data in
:class:`~cryptography.x509.AccessDescription` objects.
.. class:: CertificatePoliciesOID
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. attribute:: CPS_QUALIFIER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1"``.
.. attribute:: CPS_USER_NOTICE
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2"``.
.. attribute:: ANY_POLICY
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.32.0"``.
.. class:: ExtensionOID
.. versionadded:: 1.0
.. attribute:: BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.19"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.BasicConstraints` extension type.
.. attribute:: KEY_USAGE
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.15"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.KeyUsage` extension type.
.. attribute:: SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.17"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectAlternativeName` extension type.
.. attribute:: ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.18"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.IssuerAlternativeName` extension type.
.. attribute:: SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.14"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier` extension type.
.. attribute:: NAME_CONSTRAINTS
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.30"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.NameConstraints` extension type.
.. attribute:: CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.31"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CRLDistributionPoints` extension type.
.. attribute:: CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.32"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificatePolicies` extension type.
.. attribute:: AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.35"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier` extension type.
.. attribute:: EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.37"``. The identifier for the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.ExtendedKeyUsage` extension type.
.. attribute:: AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1"``. The identifier
for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityInformationAccess` extension
type.
.. attribute:: INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.54"``. The identifier
for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.InhibitAnyPolicy` extension type.
.. attribute:: OCSP_NO_CHECK
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1.5"``. The
identifier for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.OCSPNoCheck` extension
type.
.. attribute:: CRL_NUMBER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.20"``. The identifier for
the ``CRLNumber`` extension type. This extension only has meaning
for certificate revocation lists.
.. class:: CRLEntryExtensionOID
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. attribute:: CERTIFICATE_ISSUER
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.29"``.
.. attribute:: CRL_REASON
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.21"``.
.. attribute:: INVALIDITY_DATE
Corresponds to the dotted string ``"2.5.29.24"``.
Exceptions
~~~~~~~~~~
.. currentmodule:: cryptography.x509
.. class:: InvalidVersion
This is raised when an X.509 certificate has an invalid version number.
.. attribute:: parsed_version
:type: int
Returns the raw version that was parsed from the certificate.
.. class:: DuplicateExtension
This is raised when more than one X.509 extension of the same type is
found within a certificate.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns the OID.
.. class:: UnsupportedExtension
This is raised when a certificate contains an unsupported extension type.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns the OID.
.. class:: ExtensionNotFound
This is raised when calling :meth:`Extensions.get_extension_for_oid` with
an extension OID that is not present in the certificate.
.. attribute:: oid
:type: :class:`ObjectIdentifier`
Returns the OID.
.. class:: UnsupportedGeneralNameType
This is raised when a certificate contains an unsupported general name
type in an extension.
.. attribute:: type
:type: int
The integer value of the unsupported type. The complete list of
types can be found in `RFC 5280 section 4.2.1.6`_.
.. _`RFC 5280 section 4.2.1.1`: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.1
.. _`RFC 5280 section 4.2.1.6`: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.6
|