Port nextpnr-{ice40,ecp5} to WASI.

This involves very few changes, all typical to WASM ports:
  * WASM doesn't currently support threads or atomics so those are
    disabled.
  * WASM doesn't currently support exceptions so the exception
    machinery is stubbed out.
  * WASM doesn't (and can't) have mmap(), so an emulation library is
    used. That library currently doesn't support MAP_SHARED flags,
    so MAP_PRIVATE is used instead.

There is also an update to bring ECP5 bbasm CMake rules to parity
with iCE40 ones, since although it is possible to embed chipdb into
nextpnr on WASM, a 200 MB WASM file has very few practical uses.

The README is not updated and there is no included toolchain file
because at the moment it's not possible to build nextpnr with
upstream boost and wasi-libc. Boost requires a patch (merged, will
be available in boost 1.74.0), wasi-libc requires a few unmerged
patches.

8 files changed, 108 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index c1d9f1a6..4fa8f511 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -14,6 +14,24 @@ option(SERIALIZE_CHIPDB "Never build chipdb in parallel to reduce peak memory us
 
 set(Boost_NO_BOOST_CMAKE ON)
 
+if(WASI)
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -lwasi-emulated-mman")
+    set(USE_THREADS OFF)
+    add_definitions(
+        -DBOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE
+        -DBOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        -DBOOST_SP_NO_ATOMIC_ACCESS
+        -DBOOST_AC_DISABLE_THREADS
+        -DBOOST_NO_CXX11_HDR_MUTEX
+    )
+else()
+    set(USE_THREADS ON)
+endif()
+
+if (NOT USE_THREADS)
+    add_definitions(-DNPNR_DISABLE_THREADS)
+endif()
+
 set(link_param "")
 if (STATIC_BUILD)
     set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS   ON)
@@ -84,7 +102,6 @@ else()
         set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "-Wall -fPIC -O3 -g -pipe")
     endif()
 endif()
-set(CMAKE_DEFIN)
 
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/3rdparty/sanitizers-cmake/cmake;." ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH})
 
@@ -99,7 +116,10 @@ endif()
 find_package(Sanitizers)
 
 # List of Boost libraries to include
-set(boost_libs filesystem thread program_options iostreams system)
+set(boost_libs filesystem program_options iostreams system)
+if (USE_THREADS)
+    list(APPEND boost_libs thread)
+endif()
 
 if (BUILD_GUI AND NOT BUILD_PYTHON)
     message(FATAL_ERROR "GUI requires Python to build")
@@ -229,6 +249,10 @@ foreach (family ${ARCH})
 
     # Add the CLI binary target
     add_executable(${PROGRAM_PREFIX}nextpnr-${family} ${COMMON_FILES} ${${ufamily}_FILES})
+    if (WASI)
+        # set(CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX) breaks CMake tests for some reason
+        set_property(TARGET ${PROGRAM_PREFIX}nextpnr-${family} PROPERTY SUFFIX ".wasm")
+    endif()
     install(TARGETS ${PROGRAM_PREFIX}nextpnr-${family} RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
     target_compile_definitions(${PROGRAM_PREFIX}nextpnr-${family} PRIVATE MAIN_EXECUTABLE)
 
diff --git a/common/nextpnr.cc b/common/nextpnr.cc
index 1156490c..c16a601c 100644
--- a/common/nextpnr.cc
+++ b/common/nextpnr.cc
@@ -23,6 +23,25 @@
 #include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+#if defined(__wasm)
+extern "C" {
+    // FIXME: WASI does not currently support exceptions.
+    void* __cxa_allocate_exception(size_t thrown_size) throw() {
+        return malloc(thrown_size);
+    }
+    bool __cxa_uncaught_exception() throw();
+    void __cxa_throw(void* thrown_exception, struct std::type_info * tinfo, void (*dest)(void*)) {
+        std::terminate();
+    }
+}
+
+namespace boost {
+    void throw_exception( std::exception const & e ) {
+        NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE::log_error("boost::exception(): %s\n", e.what());
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 assertion_failure::assertion_failure(std::string msg, std::string expr_str, std::string filename, int line)
diff --git a/common/nextpnr.h b/common/nextpnr.h
index 66bba997..4d481d06 100644
--- a/common/nextpnr.h
+++ b/common/nextpnr.h
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
 #include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>
 #include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
 #include <boost/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp>
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
 #include <boost/thread.hpp>
+#endif
 
 #ifndef NEXTPNR_H
 #define NEXTPNR_H
@@ -647,6 +649,7 @@ struct DeterministicRNG
 
 struct BaseCtx
 {
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
     // Lock to perform mutating actions on the Context.
     std::mutex mutex;
     boost::thread::id mutex_owner;
@@ -655,6 +658,7 @@ struct BaseCtx
     // method will lock/unlock it when its' released the main mutex to make
     // sure the UI is not starved.
     std::mutex ui_mutex;
+#endif
 
     // ID String database.
     mutable std::unordered_map<std::string, int> *idstring_str_to_idx;
@@ -706,28 +710,36 @@ struct BaseCtx
     // Must be called before performing any mutating changes on the Ctx/Arch.
     void lock(void)
     {
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
         mutex.lock();
         mutex_owner = boost::this_thread::get_id();
+#endif
     }
 
     void unlock(void)
     {
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
         NPNR_ASSERT(boost::this_thread::get_id() == mutex_owner);
         mutex.unlock();
+#endif
     }
 
     // Must be called by the UI before rendering data. This lock will be
     // prioritized when processing code calls yield().
     void lock_ui(void)
     {
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
         ui_mutex.lock();
         mutex.lock();
+#endif
     }
 
     void unlock_ui(void)
     {
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
         mutex.unlock();
         ui_mutex.unlock();
+#endif
     }
 
     // Yield to UI by unlocking the main mutex, flashing the UI mutex and
@@ -737,10 +749,12 @@ struct BaseCtx
     // Must be called with the main lock taken.
     void yield(void)
     {
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
         unlock();
         ui_mutex.lock();
         ui_mutex.unlock();
         lock();
+#endif
     }
 
     IdString id(const std::string &s) const { return IdString(this, s); }
diff --git a/common/placer_heap.cc b/common/placer_heap.cc
index c04e7091..8c43c433 100644
--- a/common/placer_heap.cc
+++ b/common/placer_heap.cc
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 #include <Eigen/Core>
 #include <Eigen/IterativeLinearSolvers>
 #include <boost/optional.hpp>
-#include <boost/thread.hpp>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <deque>
 #include <fstream>
@@ -154,9 +153,14 @@ class HeAPPlacer
         for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
             setup_solve_cells();
             auto solve_startt = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+#ifdef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
+            build_solve_direction(false, -1);
+            build_solve_direction(true, -1);
+#else
             boost::thread xaxis([&]() { build_solve_direction(false, -1); });
             build_solve_direction(true, -1);
             xaxis.join();
+#endif
             auto solve_endt = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
             solve_time += std::chrono::duration<double>(solve_endt - solve_startt).count();
 
@@ -211,13 +215,16 @@ class HeAPPlacer
                 // Heuristic: don't bother with threading below a certain size
                 auto solve_startt = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
 
-                if (solve_cells.size() < 500) {
-                    build_solve_direction(false, (iter == 0) ? -1 : iter);
-                    build_solve_direction(true, (iter == 0) ? -1 : iter);
-                } else {
+#ifndef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
+                if (solve_cells.size() >= 500) {
                     boost::thread xaxis([&]() { build_solve_direction(false, (iter == 0) ? -1 : iter); });
                     build_solve_direction(true, (iter == 0) ? -1 : iter);
                     xaxis.join();
+                } else
+#endif
+                {
+                    build_solve_direction(false, (iter == 0) ? -1 : iter);
+                    build_solve_direction(true, (iter == 0) ? -1 : iter);
                 }
                 auto solve_endt = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
                 solve_time += std::chrono::duration<double>(solve_endt - solve_startt).count();
diff --git a/common/router2.cc b/common/router2.cc
index 26e78eaa..4dfd868b 100644
--- a/common/router2.cc
+++ b/common/router2.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 #include <deque>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <queue>
-#include <thread>
 #include "log.h"
 #include "nextpnr.h"
 #include "router1.h"
@@ -985,8 +984,22 @@ struct Router2
         }
         if (ctx->verbose)
             log_info("%d/%d nets not multi-threadable\n", int(tcs.at(N).route_nets.size()), int(route_queue.size()));
+#ifdef NPNR_DISABLE_THREADS
+        // Singlethreaded routing - quadrants
+        for (int i = 0; i < Nq; i++) {
+            router_thread(tcs.at(i));
+        }
+        // Vertical splits
+        for (int i = Nq; i < Nq + Nv; i++) {
+            router_thread(tcs.at(i));
+        }
+        // Horizontal splits
+        for (int i = Nq + Nv; i < Nq + Nv + Nh; i++) {
+            router_thread(tcs.at(i));
+        }
+#else
         // Multithreaded part of routing - quadrants
-        std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+        std::vector<boost::thread> threads;
         for (int i = 0; i < Nq; i++) {
             threads.emplace_back([this, &tcs, i]() { router_thread(tcs.at(i)); });
         }
@@ -1007,6 +1020,7 @@ struct Router2
         for (auto &t : threads)
             t.join();
         threads.clear();
+#endif
         // Singlethreaded part of routing - nets that cross partitions
         // or don't fit within bounding box
         for (auto st_net : tcs.at(N).route_nets)
@@ -1130,4 +1144,4 @@ Router2Cfg::Router2Cfg(Context *ctx)
     perf_profile = ctx->setting<float>("router2/perfProfile", false);
 }
 
-NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE_END
\ No newline at end of file
+NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE_END
diff --git a/ecp5/arch.cc b/ecp5/arch.cc
index db043f35..3c00099f 100644
--- a/ecp5/arch.cc
+++ b/ecp5/arch.cc
@@ -71,12 +71,13 @@ const char *chipdb_blob_25k = nullptr;
 const char *chipdb_blob_45k = nullptr;
 const char *chipdb_blob_85k = nullptr;
 
-boost::iostreams::mapped_file_source blob_files[3];
+boost::iostreams::mapped_file blob_files[3];
 
 const char *mmap_file(int index, const char *filename)
 {
     try {
-        blob_files[index].open(filename);
+        // WASI only supports MAP_PRIVATE
+        blob_files[index].open(filename, boost::iostreams::mapped_file::priv);
         if (!blob_files[index].is_open())
             log_error("Unable to read chipdb %s\n", filename);
         return (const char *)blob_files[index].data();
diff --git a/ecp5/family.cmake b/ecp5/family.cmake
index 9415e37e..247a307a 100644
--- a/ecp5/family.cmake
+++ b/ecp5/family.cmake
@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@ if (NOT EXTERNAL_CHIPDB)
         target_compile_options(ecp5_chipdb PRIVATE -g0 -O0 -w)
         set(PREV_DEV_CC_BBA_DB)
         foreach (dev ${devices})
-            set(DEV_CC_DB ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ecp5/chipdbs/chipdb-${dev}.cc)
             set(DEV_CC_BBA_DB ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ecp5/chipdbs/chipdb-${dev}.bba)
+            set(DEV_CC_DB ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ecp5/chipdbs/chipdb-${dev}.cc)
+            set(DEV_BIN_DB ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ecp5/chipdbs/chipdb-${dev}.bin)
             set(DEV_CONSTIDS_INC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ecp5/constids.inc)
             set(DEV_GFXH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ecp5/gfx.h)
             if (PREGENERATED_BBA_PATH)
@@ -85,11 +86,19 @@ if (NOT EXTERNAL_CHIPDB)
                     COMMAND mv ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB}.new ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB}
                     DEPENDS ${DB_PY} ${DEV_CONSTIDS_INC} ${DEV_GFXH} ${PREV_DEV_CC_BBA_DB}
                     )
-                add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${DEV_CC_DB}
-                    COMMAND bbasm --c ${BBASM_ENDIAN_FLAG} ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB} ${DEV_CC_DB}.new
-                    COMMAND mv ${DEV_CC_DB}.new ${DEV_CC_DB}
-                    DEPENDS bbasm ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB}
-                    )
+                if(USE_C_EMBED)
+                    add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${DEV_CC_DB}
+                        COMMAND bbasm --e ${BBASM_ENDIAN_FLAG} ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB} ${DEV_CC_DB}.new ${DEV_BIN_DB}
+                        COMMAND mv ${DEV_CC_DB}.new ${DEV_CC_DB}
+                        DEPENDS bbasm ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB}
+                        )
+                else()
+                    add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${DEV_CC_DB}
+                        COMMAND bbasm --c ${BBASM_ENDIAN_FLAG} ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB} ${DEV_CC_DB}.new
+                        COMMAND mv ${DEV_CC_DB}.new ${DEV_CC_DB}
+                        DEPENDS bbasm ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB}
+                        )
+                endif()
             endif()
             if (SERIALIZE_CHIPDB)
                 set(PREV_DEV_CC_BBA_DB ${DEV_CC_BBA_DB})
diff --git a/ice40/arch.cc b/ice40/arch.cc
index 6d07a949..645e93cb 100644
--- a/ice40/arch.cc
+++ b/ice40/arch.cc
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ const char *chipdb_blob_5k = nullptr;
 const char *chipdb_blob_u4k = nullptr;
 const char *chipdb_blob_8k = nullptr;
 
-boost::iostreams::mapped_file_source blob_files[5];
+boost::iostreams::mapped_file blob_files[5];
 
 const char *mmap_file(int index, const char *filename)
 {
     try {
-        blob_files[index].open(filename);
+        blob_files[index].open(filename, boost::iostreams::mapped_file::priv);
         if (!blob_files[index].is_open())
             log_error("Unable to read chipdb %s\n", filename);
         return (const char *)blob_files[index].data();